【正文】 sentative theories of munication, ., the code model, the inferential model, and the ostensiveinferential model, with both their implications and limitations for the analysis of utterance meaning. Though we admit that all these three models have their theoretical significance, they failed to be adequate theories in dealing with many linguistic phenomena. Cognitive linguists have argued persuasively for the cognitive generality of the mappings, correspondences, bindings, integration, perspectival anization, windows of attention, pragmatic functions, framing, prototype structures, and dynamic simulations that underlie the construction of meaning as reflected by language use. As a result, linguistics is no longer a selfcontained account of the internal properties of languages。 Relevance Theory, in particular, has been a widely accepted paradigm for researches on munication. But they are all bound to be confronted with great trouble owing to their assumed theoretical basis: utterance understanding is a process of inferring.（小四號） Code Theory of Communication（ 頂 格， 加粗，四號，段前段后各空 行 ） The early models for munication were proposed based on semiotics by philosophers and linguists. From Aristotle through to modern semiotics, code theories treat munication as involving (i) a set of observable signals, (ii) a set of unobservable messages, and (iii) a code, . a set of rules or procedures pairing messages with signals. A municator who wants to convey a certain message transmits the corresponding signal, which is received and decoded by the audience using an identical copy of the code. Sentences of a language are just plex signals that encode messages. Successful codebased munication results in a duplication of messages: the message encoded is identical to the message received. Message receiving, therefore, is an isomorphic but reversing process to message transmitting. ... XXXXXX （ 頂格， 加粗，小四號，段前段后各空 行） …………………………………………………………… ... Inferential Model（ 加粗，四號，段前段后各空 行 ） The pure inferential model was first proposed by Paul Grice. In his essay Logic and Conversation (1975), Grice claimed that munication should be an intelligent activity involving not only codingdecoding, but also imagination and inference. According to the inferential model, a municator provides evidence of her intention to convey a certain 1. 每個一級標題，要重新分頁。 a tout qui arrondit les seins la rondeur douce des bouches ou l’effet qui la dishabille? Susanne de LotbiniereHarwood foucuses on the elle ending and translates: Does she frictional she fluvial she essential does she in the allembracing touch that rounds the breasts love the mouths’ soft roundness or the effect undressing her? The translator here pays attention to the meaning of the words than to their sounds. 腳注編號用阿拉伯數(shù)字置于圓圈中，如“??成果 ① ”，腳注作頁下注，用五號 Times New Roman 字體。 湖南涉外經(jīng)濟學院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 2 論文中舉例排版格式： 語言或翻譯（及譯文）舉例 （文章中涉及到舉例的，按此格式） 上下空一行與正文分開，左右縮進 8 個 空格鍵 ，五號字；中文用宋體，五號。 頁眉從這頁開始添加，以前的頁面不要出現(xiàn)。 2. 小二、 Times New Roman、加粗 文獻的標注要和所列的參考文獻一一對應(yīng)。ffner 1999: 28). 2）如果沒有直接引文，只是觀點的轉(zhuǎn)述，在作者名字后用括號標注：（年份 : 頁碼） 例如： In her literary approach, Tymoczko (2020: 1719) suggests that Descriptive Studies may take two directions: to start from cultural differences and see what they mean to translation strategy and text production. 3）如果緊接著的引文出自同一本書 :（ ibid: 頁碼） 例如 : ―many things more might be brought to shew the allowableness of this practice‖ (ibid: 29). 4) 文本中提到的書名用斜體并用非斜體括號注明出版年份。 湖南涉外經(jīng)濟學院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 1 Introduction（小二加粗，居中， 段前段后各空 行 ） In the last 40 years, there has been a revolution in our views of human munication, and therefore, of utterance understanding. Code theories, which treat utterances as encoding messages, have been much replaced by inferential theories, which, inspired by the work of Paul Grice, treat utterances merely as pieces of evidence about the municator’s intentions. In the eighties of last century, Sperber and Wilson, based on one of Grice’s central claims that utterances automatically create expectations which guide the hea