【正文】 the quality of American colleges has improved ［ C］ racial preferences has replaced racial prejudice ［ D］ the minority is on an equal footing with the majority 滬江考研 25 2. What has been a divisive issue across the United States? ［ A］ Whether affirmative action should continue to exist. ［ B］ Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority. ［ C］ Whether racism exists in American college admission. ［ D］ Whether racial intolerance should be punished. 3. CEOs of big panies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because they_____. ［ A］ think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive education ［ B］ want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nation ［ C］ want a workforce that reflects the diversity of their customers ［ D］ think it their duty to help develop education of the country 4. The major tactic the forum uses is to_____. ［ A］ battle the racial preferences in court ［ B］ support colleges involved in lawsuits of racism ［ C］ strive to settle this political debate nationwide ［ D］ find legally viable ways to ensure minority admissions 5. If the 10% rule is applied, ______. ［ A］ the best white high school students can get into colleges ［ B］ public universities can get excellent students ［ C］ students from poor rural families can go to colleges ［ D］ good minority students can get into public universities 滬江考研 26 答案 1. A 總體分析 本文介紹了美國法院對平等權(quán)利法案實施的限制以及社會相關(guān)方面應對這種情況所作出的努力。威斯蘇森教授質(zhì)問道，“在我們克隆動物的研究還沒有接近成功時，為什么還想到要克隆人呢？” Text 2 For more than two decades, . courts have been limiting affirmativeaction programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to pensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the ., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmativeaction for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina. Now, chief executives of about two dozen panies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 nonprofitable anizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent courtimposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs’ motive: “ Our audience is growing more diverse, so the munities we serve 滬江考研 24 benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well” , says one CEO of a pang that owns nine television stations. Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies?！? 滬江考研 23 用于實驗的狗的命運將由威斯蘇森教授的工作來 決定。但是這位主人知道，密斯的克隆體不一定能有與它一樣的脾氣秉性。對于像密斯的神秘主人這樣的消費者來說，高額的花銷并不是什么難題，他只是希望匿名以保護自己的隱私?！? 盡管如此，克隆狗仍是一個商機，能帶 來豐厚的科研報酬。教授爭辯道，在研究貓或牛的克隆試驗中，對動物卵的浪費以及許多動物的自然性流產(chǎn)都是可以為人們所接受的，但是對于研究人來說就不行。 威斯蘇森克隆動物的經(jīng)驗使他對克隆人的種種說法十分惱火。他們可能會在年底成功克隆出密斯，也可能再過五年 都不會成功?！边@種風趣的用來形容克隆人的言辭來自一位富人，他花費數(shù)百萬美金試圖克隆一只 13 歲的名叫密斯的狗。 (5)canine (a.) 犬的，犬科的 (6)surrogate mother 代理母體 (7)aborted (a.) 流產(chǎn)的；出故障的 (8)fetus (n.) 胎，胎兒 (9)veterinary (a.)獸醫(yī)的， ~ medicine/science 獸醫(yī)學 (10)plop（ v.）撲通一聲把??放下，如 Can you ~ some ice in my drink?（能在我的飲料中放點冰塊嗎？）（文中是比喻用法，指“投入資金”） (11)viably (ad.) 可實施地，切實可行地；能獨立生存地，能獨立發(fā)展地 (12)abnormality (n.)變態(tài)，畸形，異常 全文翻譯 “我還沒有遇到一個值得被克隆的人 ,” 克隆專家馬克［ D］在文中未提及。［ B］明顯錯誤，科學家并不樂觀。文章末尾再次引用該專家的話，指出現(xiàn)在動物的研究還沒成功，沒有必要想到克隆人。文章一開始就引用專家威斯蘇森的話，指出克隆人是愚蠢的嘗試。 5. 從文章中我們可以得知 ________。因此從第三段可推出的結(jié)論是［ B］。第三段首句提到，克隆狗是能帶來豐厚科研報酬的商機。 4. 從第三段我們可以推知 ______。因此可知，［ C］是“危險”的真正含義。題干引用的話出現(xiàn)在第二段末。 3. 當威斯蘇森先生說“克隆是危險的”，他的意思是 ______。在一份用途聲明中，密斯的主人和農(nóng)業(yè)機械大學的團隊表示，他們“共同期待能研究密斯的克隆體與它本身的差異之處。但不能由此推知他忙于商業(yè)活動。由此可知，［ A］不是項目不成功的原因。 第三段首句提到，克隆狗是一個商機，能帶來豐厚的科研報酬。該段最后一句解釋其原因是：狗的生殖系統(tǒng)似乎是現(xiàn)代科學中一個神秘的領(lǐng)域。 ［ A］ 沒有足夠的資金支持這項研究 ［ B］ 克隆狗比克隆貓或牛更復雜 ［ C］ 威斯蘇森先生太忙于照料生意 ［ D］ 狗的主人要求和他的寵物一模一樣的復制品 ［精解］ 本題考查事實細節(jié)。可見，他默許克隆動物，反對克隆人，因此［ D］正確。因此，［ C］部分錯誤。事實上，克隆人還沒有開始，談不上是否接近成功。［ A］中 a stupid attempt 出現(xiàn)在文章開始部分，是他對于克隆 人而非克隆動物的看法。 ［精解］ 本題考查考生文中人物觀點。 滬江考研 18 ［ C］ 克隆的效率太低，應該被禁止。 試題精解 ？ ［ A］ 克隆動物是一種愚蠢的嘗試。 第 三段：轉(zhuǎn)折指出，但是克隆狗存在巨大的商機。 第一段：引用專家的話指出克隆人是愚蠢的嘗試，接著提到正在進行的克隆動物的實驗，指出狗的克隆最具有難度。M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy’s mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He’s plopped down $ million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owners and the Aamp。M University. “ It’s a stupid endeavor.” That’s an interesting choice of adjective, ing from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13yearold dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year— or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of man’s best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science. Westhusin’s experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the Aamp。 IC 卡使用的增加還將會減少售票所占用的空間。 該公司還打算引入智能卡（在日本稱為 IC 卡，因為它們利用集成電路儲存信息）取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。因此，在車站收取物品使消費者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。在一個發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部 及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起人們的關(guān)注。［ B］項 narrow“使變狹窄，使縮小”與 space 搭配，指“使空間變得狹小”，有“擁擠”的含義；［ C］項dwarf 指 “（通過與大的事物比較）使顯得小”，而實際大小沒有改變，如 Most professional basketball players dwarf other men（大多數(shù)職業(yè)籃球運動員使別人顯得矮?。?；［ D