【正文】 Text 3 Positive surprises from government reports on retail sales, industrial production, and housing in the past few months are leading economists to revise their real gross domestic product (GDP) forecasts upward supporting the notion that the recession ended in December or January. Bear in mind: This recovery won’t have the vitality normally associated with an upturn. Economists now expect real GDP growth of about in the first quarter. That’s better than the the consensus projected in December, but much of the additional growth will e from a slower pace of inventory drawdowns, not from surging demand. Moreover, the economy won’t grow fast enough to help the labor markets much. The only good news there is that jobless claims have fallen back from their spike after September 11 and that their current level suggests the pace of layoffs is easing. The recovery also does not mean the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates soon. The January price indexes show that inflation remains tame. Consequently, the Fed can take its time shifting moary policy from extreme acmodation to relative neutrality. Perhaps the best news from the latest economic reports was the 滬江考研 32 January data on industrial production. Total output fell only , its best showing since July. Factory output was flat, also the best performance in six months. Those numbers may not sound encouraging, but manufacturers have been in recession since late 2020. The data suggest that the factory sector is finding a bottom from which to start its recovery. Production of consumer goods, for instance, is almost back up to where it was a year ago. That’s because consumer demand for motor vehicles and other goods and the housing industry remained healthy during the recession, and they are still growing in early 2020. Besides, both the monthly homebuilding starts number and the housing market index for the past two months are running above the averages for all of 2020, suggesting that homebuilding is off to a good start and probably won’t be big drag on GDP growth this year. Equally important to the outlook is how the solid housing market will help demand for homerelated goods and services. Traditionally, consumers buy the bulk of their furniture, electronics, and textiles within a year of purchasing their homes. Thus, spending on such items will do well this year, even as car sales slip now that incentives are less attractive. Look for the output of consumer goods to top yearago level in ing months. Even the business equipment sector seems to have bottomed out. Its output rose % in January, led by a % jump puter gear. A pickup 滬江考研 33 in orders for capital goods in the fourth quarter suggests that production will keep increasing—although at a relaxed pace—in ing months. 1. American economists are surprised to see that______. ［ A］ they have to revise the GDP forecasts so often ［ B］ their government is announcing the end of a recession ［ C］ US economy is showing some signs of an upturn ［ D］ GDP growth reflects stronger domestic demand 2. The most encouraging fact about the US economy is that_____ . ［ A］ employment rates have risen faster than expected ［ B］ the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates soon ［ C］ industrial production is reaching its lowest point ［ D］ some economic sectors have b。這項(xiàng)辦法將用在培養(yǎng)了美國四分之三的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的公立大學(xué)中，這些大學(xué)將錄取在高中畢業(yè)班排名前 10%的學(xué)生。一位論壇成員說，“由于法庭造成的多樣性的減少必須通過其他正當(dāng)合法的手段予以補(bǔ)償。” 論壇推行的步驟如下：找到通過新的錄取政策增加少數(shù)民族錄取人數(shù)的有創(chuàng)意且合法的辦法；提倡不僅僅取決于考試分?jǐn)?shù)的錄取原則；鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)推進(jìn)少數(shù)民族擴(kuò)招政策及經(jīng)濟(jì)援助政策。他們和 36 所大學(xué)以及 7 家非贏利機(jī)構(gòu)一起組成了一個(gè)論壇，該論壇宣布了一項(xiàng)主要為幫助大學(xué)逃避法庭對(duì)平等權(quán)利法案強(qiáng)加的限制的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。與此同時(shí)，一些積極分子在密西根州到北卡羅來那州的各個(gè)法庭上繼續(xù)竭力反對(duì)種族照顧政策。對(duì)于很多大學(xué)來說，這意味著對(duì)學(xué)生只能被擇優(yōu)錄取，而不考慮他們的種族或民族背景。） （ 2） divisive（ a.）區(qū)分的，分裂的，有分歧的； divide（ v.） （ 3） set forth 公布，宣布，提出 （ 4） plunge in/into sth.（用力地）投入，跳進(jìn)；熱情投入，貿(mào)然行動(dòng) （ 5） statewide（ a.）全州范圍的 全文 翻譯 二十多年來，美國法院一直在限制大學(xué)及其他領(lǐng)域里平等權(quán)利法滬江考研 30 案（又稱：肯定性行動(dòng)法案）的實(shí)施。［ C］在文中根本沒有涉及。因此［ D］正確。該段提到，該規(guī)則將使公立大學(xué)錄取在高中畢業(yè)班排名前10%的學(xué)生。 ［ C］來自貧困農(nóng)村家庭的學(xué)生就能上大學(xué) ［ D］優(yōu)秀的少數(shù)民族學(xué)生就能進(jìn)入公立大學(xué) ［精解］ 本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。 5. 如果實(shí)施 10%規(guī)則，那么 _______。第二段首句只提到，一些公司總裁決定帶頭加入這場(chǎng)政治上很爭(zhēng)議的辯論之中。［ A］與論壇的宗旨相悖，因?yàn)檎搲且S護(hù)平等權(quán)利法案和少數(shù)民族利益的。其中第一種是找到通過新的錄取政策增加少數(shù)民族錄取人數(shù)的有創(chuàng)意且合法的辦法。 ［ A］與法庭上的種族照顧政策作斗爭(zhēng) ［ B］支持牽涉到種族歧視訴訟的大學(xué) ［ C］努力解決這場(chǎng)全國性的政治爭(zhēng)論 ［ D］找到合 法的途徑來保證少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的錄取 ［精解］ 本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。其他項(xiàng)均未提及。該段最后一句通過引用一位電視公司總裁的話解釋了原因：我們的觀眾越來越多元化，所以如果員工來自不同的種族和民族，那么我們服務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)將會(huì)受益。 ［ A］認(rèn)為剝奪少數(shù)民族接受教育的權(quán)利是錯(cuò)誤的 滬江考研 28 ［ B］想要保存美國民族的優(yōu)良品質(zhì) ［ C］想要其勞動(dòng)群體能夠反映客戶的多元化 ［ D］認(rèn)為幫助發(fā)展國家的教育是他們的職責(zé) ［精解］ 本題考查推理引申。第一段主要論述的是“種族照顧政策”，不是“種族歧視”或“不容忍行為”，排除［ C］和［ D］。因此引起爭(zhēng)議的是限制平等權(quán)利法案的影響，排除［ A］。第一段第四句提到，“這在整個(gè)美國范圍內(nèi)引起了爭(zhēng)議”，注意句中 it 指的是上文提到的“限制平等權(quán)利法案的做法”。 ［ D］種族不容忍行為是否應(yīng)該受到懲罰。 ［ B］這項(xiàng)法律是在幫助少數(shù)民族還是白人多數(shù)民族。［ D］表面上看似乎有點(diǎn)道理，但根據(jù)第一段的論述可知，“平等”并不是本文主要涉及的內(nèi)容。由此可推知，［ A］是該做法的潛在含義。第二句指出其理論依據(jù)是種族照顧政策是違反憲法的。 ［ A］少數(shù)民族不再擁有受優(yōu)待的地位 ［ B］美國大學(xué)的質(zhì)量有所提高 ［ C］種族照顧取代了種族歧視 ［ D］少數(shù)民族與多數(shù)民族是平等的 ［精解］ 本題考查推理引申。 第四段：介紹論壇主張?jiān)诠⒋髮W(xué)中實(shí)施的 10%規(guī)則的內(nèi)容及其意義。 第二段：指出多家 公司與大學(xué)組成了反對(duì)這種限制的論壇及其原因。 and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. “Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,” says, a forum member. One of the more controversial methods advocated is the socalled 10% rule. The idea is for public universities — which educate threequarters of all . undergraduates— to admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn’t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use. 1. . court restrictions on affirmative action signifies that______. ［ A］ minorities no longer hold the once favored status ［ B］