【正文】
in symbolic representation and can reflect the level of an urban economy and level of development, choose a reasonable model is particularly important. Highrise building structure because of its limitations and the use of functional requirements, often in the shape of the structure to follow in the form of construction, but not too many changes, some highrise buildings and even exposed directly to the structure without modification. The main part of highrise building is its tower, the tower forms the shape of the highrise buildings plays a decisive role, the current number of foreign and domestic highrise buildings have a unique shape and a clear identification of, for a city with a certain degree of representation, it can be said that the existence of highrise building is one of the reasons why. With the shortage of resources in recent years the emergence of a global sustainable development, environmental protection and energysaving highrise building on the side is very wasteful, with the attendant on the emergence of the ecological construction of concepts such as ecoarchitect Norman ? Fosterdesigned headquarters building in Frankfurt mercial banks in the symbolic meaning and function of stressed at the same time, the concept of ecofood, is a world39。 福斯特設(shè)計(jì)的法蘭克福商業(yè)銀行總部大廈在強(qiáng)調(diào)象征意義和功能的同時(shí),就引人生態(tài)的概念,是世界上第一座 ” 生態(tài)型 ” 超高層建筑.其建筑平面呈三角形,宛如三葉花瓣夾著一支花莖:花瓣部分是辦公空間,花莖部分為中空大廳.中空大廳起 自然 通風(fēng)作用,同時(shí)還為建筑內(nèi)部創(chuàng)造了豐富的景觀.而氣 候設(shè)計(jì)大師楊經(jīng)文設(shè)計(jì)的馬來(lái)西亞吉隆坡梅納拉大廈則體現(xiàn)了利用空中開(kāi)放空間連通建筑內(nèi)外,貫徹 “ 生物氣候大樓 ” 思想,引入了大量的植物,立面上螺旋上升的垂直綠化和底部斜坡的綠化都有助于調(diào)節(jié)氣候,盡可能地拉近了人與自然的距離,較好地完成了室內(nèi)外空間的過(guò)渡與銜接.同時(shí)對(duì)形成良好的城市空間環(huán)境也是一種深化.可以看出目前高層建筑設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)新要求就是要實(shí)現(xiàn) “ 生態(tài)節(jié)能型 ” . 高層建筑主體的下部分一裙房雖然對(duì)整個(gè)城市影響較小,但它對(duì)于街道的尺度和人情化空間的創(chuàng)造等方面卻有著重要的影響.建筑的裙樓立面設(shè)計(jì)一般不同于上部立 面,需要進(jìn)行細(xì)致的設(shè)計(jì),從而使下部空間豐富多彩而不至于感到蒼白,并要體現(xiàn)人的尺度,因?yàn)槿狗坎糠指娨曈X(jué)接觸較密切,對(duì)街道空間感影響也較大.而高層建筑的最上部分~屋頂對(duì)整個(gè)建筑形象起到強(qiáng)化個(gè)性的作用,雖然它較少影響到生態(tài)環(huán)境,但對(duì)塑造建筑的標(biāo)志性、豐富城市天際線具有重要的作用,因此應(yīng)根據(jù)建筑的基座、樓身等因素加以塑造. 高層建筑的塔樓部分雖然變化的余地不大,但是底層部分卻可以進(jìn)行一些巧妙的處理來(lái)豐富空間形式.一般可以采用底層架空和入口縮進(jìn)的手法.底層架空的處理手法是 現(xiàn)代 建筑的特征之一,它可以在高密度的環(huán)境中爭(zhēng)取到寶貴的用地,把城市的道路、廣場(chǎng)和建筑有機(jī)地結(jié)合在一起,形成通透的、公共的開(kāi)放空間,給市民以小憩之地;同時(shí)還可以改善人流、視覺(jué)擁擠的狀況,連通幾個(gè)主要的公共場(chǎng)所,以增加城市空間的層次.高層建筑臨近城市道路布置時(shí),人口空間凹人建筑下部可以避免主體的被迫后退 (用地非常緊張的情況下