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外文翻譯----企業(yè)生命周期與企業(yè)文化選擇-其他專業(yè)-文庫吧資料

2025-01-27 09:09本頁面
  

【正文】 al and collect future. The transformation of the enterprise culture is timely: the pany culture dominant for most of this century became obsolete. It focused on the workings of the enterprise without much regard for its social and ecologic environment。 The Evolution of the Culture of Enterprise ERVIN LASZLO Villa Franatoni 156040 Montescudaio (Pisa) Italy Abstract: At the top echelons of contemporary business, managers are being concerned with the unsustainability of the way panies now operate. A transformation of basic business strategies appears more and more indicated. For such transformation to be effective, the culture of the enterprisethe goals it pursues and the vision of these goals entertained by managers and collaboratorsneeds to change. Consequently there is a growing questioning of the viability of the typical culture of today39。筆者建立的四階段模型只是通常意義上企業(yè)文化選擇的必要步驟。對企業(yè)文化的跟蹤評價及管理是這一階段的重點。 第四階段:企業(yè)文化的彈性管理。 第三階段:優(yōu)化。這一階段的關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)特定的生命周期主要矛盾,建立符合企業(yè)自身特色的評價指標(biāo)體系及選擇評價方法。 第二階段:精選。在這一階段,企業(yè)根據(jù)實現(xiàn)所在生命周期的具體情況,進(jìn)行主要矛盾分析以確定企業(yè)亟待解決的問題,并以此確定企業(yè)文化的論域范圍,以主要矛盾的解決為原則,按企業(yè)文化類型匹配策略進(jìn)行初步篩選。 第一階段:初選。在這個過程中,潛在匹配的企業(yè)文化類型的有 關(guān)信息不斷地補充并白化,最終挑選出最適宜的企業(yè)文化,這種演化特征決定了基于企業(yè)生命周期的企業(yè)文化選擇決策過程是一個多階段的、漸進(jìn)的過程。因此,企業(yè)文化類型的選擇是一項動態(tài)、靈活的工作,既不必拘泥于任何形式和條條框框,也不能照搬他人成功的經(jīng)驗。其他企業(yè)成功的經(jīng)驗只能借鑒,而不能照搬。 由于企業(yè)的情況千差萬別,因此我們不能把某種企業(yè)文化類型生搬硬套到某一類企業(yè)上。通常衰退期的企業(yè)要不消亡,要不蛻變。 在衰退期,企業(yè)通?;加?“大企業(yè)病 ”,管理嚴(yán)重僵化。變革型文化強調(diào)打破現(xiàn)有格局,推崇技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和思想創(chuàng)新,改革原有制度和等級觀念。但是由于企業(yè)制度的完善、企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的小富 即安、技術(shù)人員的保守等原因,企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新精神逐漸消失。另外,進(jìn)攻型文化也提倡穩(wěn)健,強調(diào)企業(yè)的有序發(fā)展,反對盲目進(jìn)攻,避免企業(yè)頭腦發(fā)熱盲目投資。低下的管理水平常常導(dǎo)致企業(yè)決策者連出昏招,一方面在市場開拓上節(jié)節(jié)敗退,另一方面常常落入多元化陷阱或盲目擴(kuò)張。 在成長期,企業(yè)實力獲得了長足增長,市場份額不斷增加,但競爭對手環(huán)視周圍,一著 不慎,很容易導(dǎo)致企業(yè)夭折。探索型文化提倡謹(jǐn)慎的資本管理和大膽開拓的競爭策略,其特征為考慮風(fēng)險 /利益之間的轉(zhuǎn)換,明確企業(yè)該在何處行動,樂于接受改變,敢于創(chuàng)新,因此適宜實力弱小的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)進(jìn)行有限的資本投入和大量的新市場開拓。如何在多如牛毛的企業(yè)文化類型中找到適宜的企業(yè)文化類型,主要矛盾是一把鑰匙。 企業(yè)文化類型的選擇是企業(yè)文化選擇的重要環(huán)節(jié)。 企業(yè)文化選擇的內(nèi)容包括精神文化、制度文化、物資文化的選擇。筆者認(rèn)為,選擇企業(yè)文化的切入點,必須從企業(yè)現(xiàn)況出發(fā),大致有如下三點。通常有以下三個時機:企業(yè)經(jīng)營業(yè)績發(fā)生重大變化時,企業(yè)管理掣肘增多效率低下時,企業(yè)外部環(huán)境發(fā)生重大變化時。選擇的時機體現(xiàn)了事物變化的度。通常有有如下四原則:企業(yè)生命周期與企業(yè)文化選擇相關(guān)聯(lián)的原則,企業(yè)文化選擇與企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略相互關(guān)聯(lián)的原則,共性與個性相結(jié)合的原則,弘揚傳統(tǒng)與發(fā)展創(chuàng)新相結(jié)合的原則。對企業(yè)生命周期的分析指明了不同階段主要矛盾的形成、轉(zhuǎn)換和整合,說明了不同階段企業(yè)文化的特點,從而為企業(yè)文化選擇完整模式的建立奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 不同的生命周期,各個階段企業(yè)內(nèi)部的沖突、利益不同,面臨的問題和壓力不同,存在的主要矛盾也大相徑庭,因此企業(yè)所擁有的選擇也不同,必然要求不同的企業(yè)文化相匹配。由于矛盾的性質(zhì)、地位以及條件的復(fù)雜性,矛盾的解決也多種多樣。矛盾是企業(yè)生命周期演化的動力,企業(yè)生命周期的遞進(jìn)是矛盾斗爭的結(jié)果。矛盾論揭示了事物聯(lián)系的實質(zhì)內(nèi)容和事物發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動力,是我們最根本的認(rèn)識方法。 筆者認(rèn)為,用矛盾論來分析企業(yè)內(nèi)外部環(huán)境,抓住不同生命周期的主要矛盾,通過企業(yè)主要矛盾來來選擇企業(yè)文化,是企業(yè)文化選擇的必由之路。還有一些企業(yè),由于企業(yè)生命周期和環(huán)境的變化,原有的企業(yè)文化已不適合企業(yè)成長, 甚至成為阻礙企業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的桎梏。一大批企業(yè)憑借著優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)文化在市場競爭的大潮中立于不敗之地。誰擁有文化優(yōu)勢,誰就擁有競爭優(yōu)勢、效益優(yōu)勢和發(fā)展優(yōu)勢。企業(yè)文化是一種力量,隨著知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,它對企業(yè)的興衰將發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用,甚至是決定性的作用。長壽公司出類拔萃的根本原因,就在于不斷創(chuàng)新企業(yè)文化,并保持其先進(jìn)性。 蘭德公司、麥肯錫公司和國際管理咨詢公司研究發(fā)現(xiàn),凡是業(yè)績輝煌的公司,企業(yè)文化的作用都十分明顯。 隨著企業(yè)文化理論的出現(xiàn)和不斷發(fā)展,《企業(yè)文化》、《 Z 理 論》、《尋求優(yōu)勢》、《日本企業(yè)的管理藝術(shù)》四部專著的出版,掀起了企業(yè)文化研究的熱潮。有的人認(rèn)為是產(chǎn)業(yè)的差異,有的則解釋為經(jīng)營方式的不同,還有的人從管理制度上找原因,還有些人認(rèn)為是企業(yè)家的優(yōu)劣。與此相對應(yīng)的卻有另一些企業(yè),歷經(jīng)百年不衰。在日本和歐洲,企業(yè)的平均生命周期為 年。有數(shù)據(jù)表明, 1970 年躋身《財富》全球 500 強之列的企業(yè),到 1983 年竟然有 1/3 已經(jīng)銷聲匿跡。t take some enterprise culture type derivative in one type of enterprise. True sense of enterprise culture type choice for each enterprise, it would be the only. Other enterprise successful experience for reference, and cannot copy only. Enterprise culture type of choice is more the core petitiveness, management concept, management concept, innovation consciousness choice, suitable for all firms enterprise culture type is not exist. Therefore, the enterprise culture type of choice is a dynamic and flexible working, which don39。s survival and development of external politics, economy, culture, science and technology, and environment that significant changes have occurred, the enterprise quantitative change to qualitative changes conversion, thus mastered the degrees, is something the best timing choice of enterprise culture. Usually have the following three time: enterprise business performance materially changes, enterprise management efficiency is low, the increased examing enterprise external environment materially changes. Enterprise culture choice is a systematic project, pinpoint the breakthrough, is the guarantee success choice. The author thinks that point of enterprise culture, choose from the enterprise, must present roughly as follows three based. Starting from the main contradiction, starting from the enterprise the fine tradition of the major change, from the enterprise forward. Enterprise culture choice of content including spiritual culture, system culture, material culture choice. Enterprise culture spirit layer, system layer and physicality is inseparable, they influence each other, interaction, so in enterprise culture when the choice but also from grasping. Enterprise culture type selection is an important link of choice of enterprise culture. Enterprise culture type varied, according to statistics, the existing scholars put forward about 200 species of cultural types. How in the dime found in the enterprise culture type suitable enterprise culture type, principal contradiction is a key. In the initial, enterprises are faced with the main contradiction weak strength. Exploration culture promotes cautious capital management and bold exploit the petition strategy, and is characterized by considering risk/benefit conversion between, clear enterprise this where action, be willing to accept change, dares to innovate, therefore appropriate strength weak startups make limited capital investment and a lot of new market development. Meanwhile, exploration culture emphasize consider risk, advocate through careful explore avoid enterprise, its fickle into various traps the character also suitable for enterprise flexible coping market risk. In growing up, the enterprise strength has achieved great growth, market share, but increased petition, looking around at the a inadvertent, easily lead to enterprise die young. The growth of this enterprise faster than the ascension of enterprise entrepreneurs ability, enterprise management level is low speed has bee a major conflict. Often leads to low l
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