【正文】 的研究，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)第一批用母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的人類比同時代的其他的近親在時間上要長很多，而這種育幼差異可能在人類進(jìn)化中扮演了重要角色 ，比如大腦發(fā)育和社會群體方面。The possible influence of nursing behaviors.C.Differences in the change of behaviors.（3）What does the passage mainly talk about? A.Differences in the social structure of groups.C.s contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.（2）What does the underlined phrase such behavioral differences in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to? A.It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral changes.D.It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.B. However, getting insights into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years old is a challenge and, so far, little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil species.s lead authors, Dr Theo Tacail said: The practice of weaning the duration of breastfeeding, age at nonmilk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos. These differences in nursing behaviors likely e with major changes in the social structures of groups as well as the time between the birth of one child and the birth of the next. The team sampled minute amounts from nearly 40 fossilized teeth of our South African fossil relatives, early Homo, Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus africanus. They measured the proportions of their stable calcium isotopes (同位素）in the tooth enamel(牙釉質(zhì)), which are a function of the mother milk intake by infants. They show that early Homo offspring(后代) was breastfed in significant proportions until the age of around three to four years, which likely played a role in the apparition of traits that are specific to human lineage(血統(tǒng)), such as the brain development. By analyzing the fossilized teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors, a team of scientists led by the universities of Bristol (UK) and Lyon (France) have discovered that the first humans significantly breastfed their infants (嬰兒) for longer periods than their contemporary relatives. 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。）以及文章的主要內(nèi)容圍繞他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可知你可以在《紐約時報》的科學(xué)版上找到這篇文章。根據(jù)第一段中的“(The New York Times, ) The 2019 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was jointly awarded to three scientists — William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza — for their work on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.”(《紐約時報》10月7日報道)2019年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎聯(lián)合授予了三位科學(xué)家——William G. Kaelin Jr.、Peter J. Ratcliffe和Gregg L. Semenza，以表彰他們在細(xì)胞感知和適應(yīng)氧氣供應(yīng)方面所做 的故可知劃線單詞意思為典型的，故選C。根據(jù)故選B。根據(jù)Why is the work important?部分中的“The discoveries reveal the cellular mechanisms that control such things as adaptation to high altitudes and how cancer cells manage to hijack(攫取) oxygen.”這些發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了細(xì)胞機(jī)制，這些機(jī)制控制著對高海拔環(huán)境的適應(yīng)，以及癌細(xì)胞是如何攫取氧氣的。故選C。根據(jù)第一段中的“…for their work on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.”以表彰他們在細(xì)胞感知和適應(yīng)氧氣供應(yīng)的適應(yīng)性方面所做的工作。這是一項具有開創(chuàng)性的發(fā)現(xiàn)，為抗擊貧血、癌癥和許多其他疾病的新策略鋪平了道路。D.C.B.basic and clear（4）In which part of The New York Times can you find this article? A.powerful and authoritativeC.used for textbooksThe more oxygen there is in blood, the healthier a living body will be.D.The Nobel Prize was awarded to a physiologist on Monday in Sweden.B.it has uncovered how cells sense and respond to changes in oxygen levelsD.there was no research of this kind in the pastB.s a very exciting thing. Johnson said. The discoveries reveal the cellular mechanisms that control such things as adaptation to high altitudes and how cancer cells manage to hijack(攫取) oxygen. Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly, described the work as a textbook discovery and said it would be something students would start learning at the most basic levels of biology education. The investigators uncovered detailed genetic responses to changing oxygen levels that allow cells in the bodies of humans and other animals to sense and respond to fluctuations(波動), increasing and decreasing how much oxygen they receive. Oxygen is the lifeblood of living organisms(生物體), said Dr. George Daley, dean of Harvard Medical School. Without oxygen, cells can39。 Their work established the genetic mechanisms(機(jī)制) that allow cells to respond to changes in oxygen levels. The findings have implications(啟示) for treating a variety of diseases.4．閱讀理解 故選D。For families with children部分中的”…… introduce your children to the museum39。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Hidden Histories部分中的“Hear stories about artists and their artworks that may be overlooked or underappreciated for one reason or another.”，參觀者可以了解到一些被忽視的、被低估的鮮為人所知的藝術(shù)家的故事和作品。Take part in various activities.【答案】 （1）C（2）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了芝加哥美術(shù)館的參觀時間、美術(shù)館的亮點、隱藏的歷史，同時還有針對有孩子的家庭的活動。Enjoy their homemade food.B.Some artworks by famous creators.（2）What can children do in the Family Room? A.The artworks of some potential artists.C.s collections with a variety of activities. Assemble (組裝)puzzles based on masterpieces in the museum, build architectural wonders with colorful blocks, and learn about art through stories and games. Food is available at an onsite cafe. (Outside food is not allowed to be brought in.)（1）What can visitors learn from Hidden Histories? A. With free admission for kids under 14 and Chicago teens under 18, the Art Institute is the perfect place for a creative outing with the whole family.These could be very small or outoftheway works. Hidden Histories Impressionism: Monet, Degas, Renoir and More Discover how artists have expressed the many aspects of the American experience through the rich variety of this collection. This tour might include the works of artists like Paul Revere, Winslow Homer, and