【正文】 objects at once.
　　電子游戲被證明能夠提高手眼協(xié)調(diào)能力，感謝某位在xbox游戲機上打敗我的5歲人士證明了這一點，同時它還能鍛煉我們一心多用的能力，這讓我們能在同一時間內(nèi)更好地關(guān)注多件事情。那電視和電腦就是我們每天吃的面包。
　　American aged 15 to 24 spend 2 hours a day watching TV and seven minutes reading for pleasure.
　　15到24歲的美國人每天花2小時看電視，而用閱讀作為消遣的時間只有7分鐘。s favorite activity taking up more free time than anything else.
　　看電視是現(xiàn)在發(fā)達國家最流行的消遣方式，它占據(jù)的時間比任何其他事情都多。
　　Watching television is now the developed worldamp。
　　What about screen media? How are they doing?
　　那屏幕媒體又如何呢?它們的現(xiàn)狀又是怎樣?
　　Well, printed media has obviously declined in popularity. Screen media is doing a little more better.
　　嗯，紙媒的流行度顯然是下降了。rsquo。
　　So 4 and a half extra years of education to do worse.
　　都受了4年半的教育，卻越來越差了。
　　In other words, more Americans could read at the 10th grade in 1949 than can even read at the 6th grade level today.
　　換句話說，1949年能讀10級材料的美國人比現(xiàn)在能讀6級材料的還多。
　　The number of US adults capable of reading at the 10th grade level dropped from 54% to 20%.
　　美國成年人中能讀10級材料的人，從54%下降到了20%。rsquo。
　　There has been another 10point drop since 2020 when Internet access went mainstream.
　　2020年互聯(lián)網(wǎng)主流化的時候，又下降了10分。
　　There was a 50 point drop between 1962 and 1979. And 1962 TV reached 90% market penetration and textbooks got simplified.
　　從1962年到1979年，分?jǐn)?shù)下降了50分。s verbal skills.
　　與這種現(xiàn)象同時發(fā)生的還有整個國家語言能力那客觀的下降。
　　And these changes have occurred simultaneously with measurable decreases in our nationamp。re doing less all of the above.
　　所以，我們的飲食方式正在改變。s a dietary shift. It means that not only are Americans reading simpler books, flipping through simpler magazines and learning from simpler textbooks, theyamp。
　　So itamp。rsquo。
　　And the average annual spending has dropped from 33 dollars to 28 dollars in the last 20 years.
　　過去2020年人們用在書上的平均年消費額從33美元下降到了28美元。到了2020年，已經(jīng)下降到了43%。
　　Despite the fact that books are easier to read than ever, the average American today reads less than ever.
　　而且，雖然現(xiàn)在的書比以往的都更容易讀，但普通美國人讀書的量也變得前所未有的低。
　　The average 8th grader is now reading from the textbooks at the 5th grade reading level.
　　普通8年級的學(xué)生現(xiàn)在正在讀著實際只有5年級水平的教科書。rsquo。s not surprising that market forces are going to cater towards taste rather than nutrition.
　　所以我們也就能理解為什么市場的力量會偏向于口味，而不是營養(yǎng)。
　　Now itamp。結(jié)果就是，在過去的60年里，報紙與雜志的可讀性下降了2到4級。
　　And this is similar to what happened when farmers substituted corn for grass in the livestock. The beef tasted better but it became less nutritious.
　　這就像是農(nóng)民用玉米代替草料來喂養(yǎng)牲畜，牛肉的口感變好了，但卻變得更沒有營養(yǎng)了。rsquo。
　　The books you enjoy are not gonna be the books that are best for you.
　　那些你讀起來覺得愉悅的書，并不會是對你好的書。rsquo。
　　If you wanna increase your vocabulary and knowledge you have to encounter new words and new facts.
　　如果你想要增長你的詞匯量與知識，你必須去面對新的詞匯與新的事實。威高茨基教授的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些稍高于你當(dāng)前閱讀水平的書才是最有營養(yǎng)的。rsquo。人們普遍喜歡讀低于他們實際閱讀水平兩級的書。
　　Once publishers were able to measure readability, they could target the works they published at whatever reading level would reach the greatest number of people.
　　一旦出版商能夠測量可讀性，他們就能確定在什么閱讀等級出書能夠觸及最大數(shù)量的人。FK閱讀等級”。
　　A readability score is a measure of the degree to which material can be understood by readers. So this FleschKincaid reading grade is a readability score.
　　可讀性分?jǐn)?shù)被用來衡量讀者能在多大程度上理解一段材料。可讀性分?jǐn)?shù)”。
　　Also note that the reading grade of the works clusters tightly as we get around 1940. And the 1940s is when researchers began to develop and promote what they termed readability scores.
　　還需要注意的是，這些書的閱讀等級在1940年左右的時候發(fā)生扎堆。ve seen is that bestsellers were once books that challenged the collegeeducated mind and they are now books that are easy for 5th graders.
　　當(dāng)我們談?wù)撻喿x等級的時候，我們僅僅是在談?wù)撍臓I養(yǎng)價值。re only talking about nutritional value. And from that point of view, what weamp。
　　When we consider reading grade weamp。這些數(shù)據(jù)并沒有談及讀書的美學(xué)品味。到2020年的時候。
　　Consequently the reading grade of bestselling books has also plummeted dramatically over time.
　　結(jié)果就是，暢銷書的閱讀等級也隨著時間推移而大幅下降。1950年以后寫的書的段落長度平均是71個單詞。
　　Paragraph length held steady from the beginning of the 18th century until the middle of the 20th century when it suddenly began to plummet at an accelerating rate. This is when the era of TV began.
　　段落長度從18世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)是一直持平的，但從20世紀(jì)開始就加速下滑，而這個時間點正是電視誕生的時候。t decrease much further unless we start speaking in tweets.
　　現(xiàn)在它們已經(jīng)變得和口語一樣直白。s now as abrupt as our spoken speech. It canamp。
　　Itamp。
　　So how challenging is our literature today pared to the past?
　　那么，我們?nèi)缃竦奈膶W(xué)作品和以前的那些相比，有多么具有挑戰(zhàn)性呢?
　　I explored a corpus of bestselling books for the 300 years period from 1710 to 2020 and assessed sentence length, paragraph length and reading grade.
　　我研究了從172020年到2020年這32020年間的暢銷書語料庫，評估了它們的句子長度、段落長度和閱讀等級。ve been told.
　　如果你想鍛煉自己的肌肉，最好的辦法就是用偏大的重量來進行負(fù)重訓(xùn)練(至少我是這么聽說的)。
　　When you wanna strengthen your muscles, the best way to do it is to lift heavy weights, so Iamp。s not that smart people reading although they do, but that reading makes you smarter.
　　所以，換句話說，事情的核心并不是聰明人讀書更多(雖然他們