【正文】 how they speak and behave closed the literature of a historical period is one of the ways we have to help us imagine what life was like in that other foreign is perhaps best seen as a plement to other materials used to increase the foreign learner?s insight into the country whose language is being enrichment: we have said that reading literary works exposes the student to many function of the written language, but what about other linguistic advantages? Language enrichment is one benefit often sought through literature, while there is little a=doubt that extensive reading increases a learner?s receptive vocabulary and facilitates transfer to a more active form of knowledge, it is sometimes objected that literature does not give learners the kind of vocabulary they really may be “authentic” in the sense already mentioned, but the language of literary works is not typical of the language of daily life, nor is it like the language used in learners? would not wish students to think that Elizabeth Berret Brownning?s “How Do I love Thee? Is the kind of utterance normally whispered into a lover?s era nowadays!The objection to literature on the grounds of lexical appropracy has some validity, but it need not be an overriding one if teachers make a judicious choice of the text to be read, considering it as a counterpoise and supplement to other the positive side, literature provides a rich context in which individual lexical or syntactical items are made more a substantial and contextual zed body of text, students gain familiarity with many features of the written languagethe formation and function of relines, the variety of possible structures, the different ways of connecting ideaswhich broaden and enrich their own writing extensive reading required in tackling a novel or long play develops the student?s ability to make inferences from linguistic clues, and to deduce meaning from context, both useful tools in reading other sorts of material as helps extend the intermediate or advanced learner?s awareness of the range of language language is not always that of daily munication, as we have mentioned, but it is special in its is heightened: sometimes elaborate, sometimes marvelously simply yet, somehow, absolutely “right”. should we learn? History and Anthology of American literature Literary works: Selected Reading in American Literature揚(yáng)豈深 Selected Reading in American Literature陶潔 Selected Reading in American Literature常耀信Contemporary American Literature with Collateral Readings 秦小孟 High Lights of American Literature錢青An Anthology of 20th Century American Fiction萬(wàn)培德 A Survey of American Literature常耀信 20世紀(jì)美國(guó)文學(xué)導(dǎo)論李公昭 二十世紀(jì)美國(guó)文學(xué)導(dǎo)讀張立新Part IThe Literature of Colonial America Time: 2 teaching Aim: through introduction, the students should get an idea about the history and development of American nation and how did the American literature came into being and what is the characteristic of its early method: Teacher?s Tool: points: the characteristics of early native Americans and their culture:Before being explored by European adventurers the American Continent had long been inhabitated by the nativesAmerican characteristics of the American Indians are mongolocial or a mixture of that with something probably first began ing from Asia to America during the Ice ?Age,80005999 crossed Berring Strait by hundred and thousands of years these earliest inhabitants developed their own learned agriculture, basketry and most striking achievements were in “Indian Corn” was developed from a wild white potato, the cacao bean, tobacco were all developed by remained in tribe historical background of the Colonial Time: first England settlement: Christophe Columbus(1451 he believed the world is round, find the route to East by sailing West, he asked the help from Queen of Spain to support , three small vessels set sail with 100 crews, after several months of sailing they arrived at Balama IslandSan Salvador on landed and in March 1493 had 4 voyages in his settlement: 1607 Captain Christopher Newport, three shipsChesapeake Bay JamestownMayflower1620 Plymouth PuritansNew England area with Indians and the founding of 13 development of Literature:American literature emerged out of obscurity into history only some four centuries is the newest of the literatures of great nations, yet it is original in many is original because it mirrors the history of America, and epitomizes the development of political and economics, social and psychological is original because upon it has played most of those great historical forces and factors that have molded the modern world: immigration, nationalism。 method。thlocal colorism is a type of writing that was popular in the late 19(1860s—1870s).Local Color Fiction:Local colorism as a trend became dominant in American literature in the late 1860s and early frontier humorists who had been popular with their “tall tales” before the Civil War paved the way for local color FeaturesLocal color fiction presents a locale which is distinguished form the outside color fiction describes the exotic and the describes things that are not mon in other color fiction also attempts to show things as they as they color fiction glorifies the past.(nostalgic about the past)Local color fiction stresses the influence of setting on ：Mark Twain（筆名）Samuel Langhorne ClemensThe Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn naturalismAmerican naturalism was a new and harsher realism, and like realism, it had e from was an outgrowth of realism that responded to theories in science, psychology, human behavior and social thought current in the late nineteenth :In the last decade of the nineteenth century, with the development of industry and modern science, intelligent minds began to see that man was no longer a free ethical being in a cold, indifferent and essentially Godless this chance world he w