【正文】 （8）摘要的句子應(yīng)盡量簡短，主謂語要搭配。（6）摘要中的內(nèi)容應(yīng)在正文中出現(xiàn)，不能對原文進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和修改。（4）不需要目己標(biāo)榜自己的研究結(jié)果。（2）摘要要盡量簡短，盡可能刪掉課題研究的背景信息。一般來說，應(yīng)包括研究對象(目的)、研究方法(所用的設(shè)備，材料)、結(jié)果和結(jié)論。世界各國學(xué)者想追蹤了解某一學(xué)科的發(fā)展情況，都會用英文工具書和數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索。（2）英文文摘是作者和國際同行進(jìn)行交流的必經(jīng)之路。construction organization design.第五篇：如何寫中英文摘要敬請重視和寫好論文的中英文摘要（1）中文文摘是溝通國內(nèi)讀者和作者之間的橋梁。structural design。s guidance and : graduation design。the structure calculation book。6 Stairs。4 Ratio of height to thickness。2 Cast member。Calculation of structure: 1 Load cleaning。AbstractThe project is a plex building named Experiments in middle school building in farming 8 division 132 build adopt reinforced concrete brick structure，the design base year is 50 years , the safe grade is 2 , and the earthquake intensity sale is total building area is more than main body is five frame height is indoors and outside height is are thesis includes content:Structure design:Graduate design task。最后感謝指導(dǎo)老師悉心的指導(dǎo)和幫助。而且大大提高了動手的能力，充分體會到了在創(chuàng)造過程中探索的艱難和成功時的喜悅。在設(shè)計過程中，通過查閱大量有關(guān)資料，與同學(xué)交流經(jīng)驗和自學(xué)，并向老師請教等方式，使自己學(xué)到了不少知識，也經(jīng)歷了不少艱辛，但收獲同樣巨大。概預(yù)算設(shè)計是在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)上，先計算并統(tǒng)計出分項工程的工程量，再運(yùn)用廣聯(lián)達(dá)造價軟件進(jìn)行人，材料，機(jī)械三方面經(jīng)濟(jì)計算以達(dá)到對本工程的工程造價控制。本建筑五層， 米，女兒墻高。地基承載力特征值為fak =400Kpa。(4)Thecalculation on the strain magnitude and frequency shift of Raman modes per strains dw/de found that, under torsional strain, dw(RBM)/det nearly linearly increased along with the increase of the tube chirality was found to split into multiple subbands in some cases, presumably due to broken symmetry induced by splitting is most likely found in zigzag and armchair the uniaxial and torsional strains can change the intensity of resonant Raman is originated from the influence of strains on electronic tranision energy this change, themodulation direction and magnitude of strains on the electronic transition energy of SWNTs can be influence of strain on the resonant Raman spectra of SWNTs has drawn much attention work here firstly experimentally studied the torsional strain effect on resonant Raman spectra of the study in the single SWNT scale by AFM manipulation can exclude the average effect originated from different diameter and helps to reveal the intrinsic property of parison of uniaxial and torsional strain for same SWNT, also benefit the understanding of the influence of different strains on analysis and modulation of strain distribution along SWNTs axis, and the parisonof related mechanical parameters of different SWNTsIt was found that after AFM manipulation, both the torsional and uniaxial strain would have a “L” shaped distribution along the SWNT axis, due to the friction between SWNTs and the substrate, and the partial relaxation of characteristics of the distribution, including the propagation distance of strain, the maximum strain and its position, and the slope of the strain distribution, are determined by the force exerted on SWNT by AFM tip, the elasticity modulus E and the shear modulus G, and the friction between SWNT and controlling the AFM manipulation and using patterned substrate with different ponents, the magnitude and distribution of strain in SWNT has been the parison of strain distribution in different SWNTs, their mechanical properties, such as E and G, and the friction with the substrate have been pared, on the single SWNTs was found that there is no monomial relationship between these parameters and the SWNTs diameter, this suggests that the chirality of SWNTs also has important effect on SWNTs mechanical words:SingleWalled Carbon Nanotubes(SWNTs), AFM manipulation and fabrication, deformation(strain), buckling, resonance Raman spectroscopy第四篇：摘要(中英文)摘要本次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計以工程實(shí)例為研究對象，設(shè)計過程包括結(jié)構(gòu)部分，概預(yù)算部分以及施工組織部分。(3)The MD studies also proved that the vdW interaction with substrate has no remarkable effect on CNTs buckling study on the buckling mechanism suggests that except for the diameter, the wall number also determines the buckling means for the mechanical properties of CNTs, a special “dualsize” effect may exists, that is, both the size and the thickness determine the CNTs mechanical using controlled AFM manipulation, the work here observed the structural evolution and buckling formation almost in the whole bending founding about the two buckling modes, not