【正文】 （指在中國境外） China faces the Pacific on the 。如： China lies in the east of 。 5. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines. 在城市的北部，一萬礦工中的大多數(shù)從礦井中被救出。 He who laughs last laughs ，誰笑的最好。如：Those who want to see the film write your names on the 這張紙上。） the dead意為 “死難者 ”。 those who 相當(dāng)于意為 “凡 …… 的人 ”，表示的是兩者以上的不定數(shù)量， who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句用復(fù)數(shù)，不能用 that代替。Twothirds of the earth surface is covered with 。 He’ll be gone for quite a little while.他要離開很長一段時(shí)間。如： His job was 。 是過去分詞作表語，意為 “不在 ”“走了 ”“丟了 ”“用完了 ”，或指人 “死了 ”。 You see it everywhere you look.無論你往哪兒看，你都會(huì)看到它。 everywhere 用作連詞，等于 wherever, no matter where，引起讓步狀語從句。 III. Explanation of difficult sentences 1. It seemed that the world was at an 。 The city is known for its long 。 3. cf. be known as, be known for, be known to sb. be known as作為 …… 而聞名； be known for以 /因 …… 而聞名； be known to …… 而熟悉。 She likes the country, especially in ，尤其是春天。 2. cf. especially, specially especially: to an exceptional degree。 3） congratulate v. (with on.) to speak to ( a person) with praise and admiration for a happy event or sth. successfully done: 意為 “向某人表示祝賀，向某人道賀 ”，構(gòu)成短語 congratulate sb. on sth. /dong…. congratulate oneself that 結(jié)構(gòu)中： We congratulated him on having passed the 。 His failure didn’t cause much surprise (was not a great surprise.)他的失敗未引起很大的驚奇（并非很意外的事）。 surprise vt./n: (feeling caused by) sth. sudden or unexpected: 最普通用詞，意為 “使驚訝，使吃驚 ”，含有 “意想不到 ”之意。 astonish vt./n: surprise greatly. 語氣比 surprise要強(qiáng)，含有令人難以置信 : I was astonished to see him in ，真感到驚異。He was shocked to know his son playing all 。 Smoking will injure your 毀了你的健康。一般指由于意外或事故而受傷。 injure: hurt。一般用語，即可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上的 傷害，還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為 “疼痛、惹起痛苦 ”: What he said hurt me 。 damage。一般指對物體或生命的局部損壞： Their houses were damaged by the enemy’s 火擊毀了。 She ruined his 前途。 ruin: sth. which has decayed, been destroyed, etc.:敗壞，毀壞，崩潰的狀態(tài)。表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上徹底摧毀，使之無法復(fù)原，也可以表示對某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀壞 : All his hopes were 。 make useless。 burst out + n.： All of them burst into laughter = All of them burst out 了。 break out into。 bring up a family: 飼養(yǎng)、種植 ”、養(yǎng)育、撫育： They can raise rice 。 2． grow or produce (crops)。 move from a low(er) to a high(er) level。 He has risen in 。 3. cf. rise, raise rise vi. ( of the sun, moon, stars, river, price, temperature, etc.) appear above the horizon:指自然“上升 ”，常用于日、月、云、霞、煙、水蒸氣、物價(jià)、溫度、河水、潮水及人的職位等：He rose from his chair and began his 。 The host shook hands with all the 。如： The poor boy was shaking with 。在表示 “使受震撼，使（信念等）動(dòng)搖 ”，常用于 be shaken by/with/at中。指人時(shí)常用于感情激動(dòng)、寒冷、懼怕引起的身體顫動(dòng)。 think: “想象，推測 ”，意指 “假定或假設(shè)中的情形 ”。 suppose: let it be though that。 cf. imagine, guess, suppose imagine 意為 “想象，幻想 ”，指在腦海中形成一個(gè)清晰明確的印象，或認(rèn)為某事物可能發(fā)生 10 或存在 。 I didn’t imagine (my) being a teacher in my ，我并未想象能成為一名教師。賓語為名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句。 hide near the seats。 keep away from advertisement boards and other suspending objects. On buses? or trolley buses: Grasp the handles to avoid being injured。 keep away from glass windows, glass counters or show counters。 protect the head with schoolbags。 ponds bright light in the sky water pipescracked and burst heard: sound of planes smelt: smelly gas in the cracks of the wells People thought little of the events and went to bed as usual at 3:42 am felt: everything shook onethird nation felt it heard in Beijing 100 kilometers away a huge crack cut across houses, roads… saw: steam burst from holes in the ground hard hills of rockrivers of dirt city lay in ruins 4 400,000 people killed/injured 8 75% factories 90% home were gone bricks covered dams/bridges fell not safe railway tracks useless cows never milk pigs/chickens died wells filled with sand rescue workers and doctors trapped under the ruins buildings fell down water/food/electricity hard to get after that hope not lost army sent 150,000 soldiers workers built shelters for survivors fresh water was taken to the city the city began to breathe again III. A retold version of the text One possible version Strange things happened in Tang Shan. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell. The well walls had deep cracks and a smelly gas came out the cracks. The chickens, pigs and mice were too nervous. Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds. Bright light appeared in the sky. People heard the sound of planes even when no planes were in the sky. The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at the end! Onethird of the nation felt it. A huge crack cut across the city. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. Twothirds of the people died or were injured. Nearly everything was destroyed in the city. 75% of its factories and 90% of its homes were gone. Then later that afternoon, another big earthquake shook Tangshan. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. But all hope was not lost. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to help them. Workers built shelters for survivors. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. Section 2: Background information on EARTHQUAKES I. Zhang Heng Zhang Heng (張衡 ) (78AD—139AD) was an astronomer, mathematician, artist and literary scholar（文學(xué)學(xué)者） in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. Born in today’s Nangyang County, Henan, he was a good writer at age 12. At the age of 16, he left home to pursue(從事 ) his studying the capital city. He spent at least 10 years of his youth in literary studies and writing. He published several wellrecognized literary writings. He switched to(轉(zhuǎn)向 ) astronomy after age 30. In the year 123 he correc