【導(dǎo)讀】Lookatthepictures,can. seeinthepictures.(beautifulcities;broadroads;tallbuilding;largepopulation.). Nowlet’setoPre-readinganddecide. Why?asmellygas,eoutof,inthefarmyards,toonervoustoeat,runoutof,look. forplacetohide,waterpipes,thinklittleofsth.,asusual,itseemedthat,atan. wide,cutacross,inruins,beinjury,thenumberof,reachmorethan400,000,of,givemilk,halfamillion,insteadof,beshocked,laterthatafternoon,is/wasnot…digout,thedead,tothenorthof,coalmines,builtshelters,freshwater

　　

【正文】 be shaken by/with/at中。 tremble: shake involuntarily ( with fear, anger, cold, physical weakness, etc.) 顫栗 ,震顫 ,發(fā)抖 (因恐懼 ,憤怒 ,寒冷 ,體弱等 )，常常與 shake 相互替換，但指握手，搖頭或捧腹大笑時(shí)用 shake, tremble只用作不及物動詞。如： The poor boy was shaking with 。They were badly shaken by the 。 The host shook hands with all the 。 Her voice was trembling with 。 3. cf. rise, raise rise vi. ( of the sun, moon, stars, river, price, temperature, etc.) appear above the horizon:指自然“上升 ”，常用于日、月、云、霞、煙、水蒸氣、物價(jià)、溫度、河水、潮水及人的職位等：He rose from his chair and began his 。 Her temperature is still 。 He has risen in 。 raise vt. 1. lift up。 move from a low(er) to a high(er) level。 cause to rise: 外部的力量， “舉起、提高 ”： The people’s living standard has greatly been 。 2． grow or produce (crops)。 breed (sheep, etc.)。 bring up a family: 飼養(yǎng)、種植 ”、養(yǎng)育、撫育： They can raise rice 。 4. burst into / burst out : send out suddenly。 break out into。 suddenly begin to …… burst into + doing: She burst into tears. = She burst out 。 burst out + n.： All of them burst into laughter = All of them burst out 了。 5. cf. destroy, ruin, damage destroy: break to pieces。 make useless。 put an end to: 毀滅；摧毀；毀壞；破壞。表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上徹底摧毀，使之無法復(fù)原，也可以表示對某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀壞 : All his hopes were 。 An atom bomb would destroy a city. 一顆原子彈可以摧毀一座城市。 ruin: sth. which has decayed, been destroyed, etc.:敗壞，毀壞，崩潰的狀態(tài)。 指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打擊結(jié)果，常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞 : Smoking ruined his 。 She ruined his 前途。 damage: harm or injury that causes loss of value: 損害；損毀（使失去價(jià)值）。一般指對物體或生命的局部損壞： Their houses were damaged by the enemy’s 火擊毀了。 . hurt, wound, injure hurt: cause bodily injury or pain to。 damage。 pain ( a person, his feeling): 使受傷；使疼痛；傷害； 使傷心。一般用語，即可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上的 傷害，還可用作不及物動詞，意為 “疼痛、惹起痛苦 ”: What he said hurt me 。 11 wound: hurt or injury to the living tissue of the body, caused by cutting, shooting, tearing, etc., esp. as the result of attack: 指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭中，戰(zhàn)斗中受傷 : He got wounded in the 。 injure: hurt。 damage, esp. for result of an accident。一般指由于意外或事故而受傷。如： He was badly injured in the 。 Smoking will injure your 毀了你的健康。 7. cf. shock, astonish, surprise shock vt./n: to cause usually unpleasant or angry surprise to (sb.): 震驚，打擊，吃驚程度最大，后面常跟介詞 at/by構(gòu)成詞組 be shocked at/by，表示 “對 …… 吃驚 ”，或接不定式表示原因，也可作名詞，意為 “震動，打擊 ”: He was shocked by what you 。He was shocked to know his son playing all 。 The news gave me a great 。 astonish vt./n: surprise greatly. 語氣比 surprise要強(qiáng)，含有令人難以置信 : I was astonished to see him in ，真感到驚異。 The news astonished 很震驚。 surprise vt./n: (feeling caused by) sth. sudden or unexpected: 最普通用詞，意為 “使驚訝，使吃驚 ”，含有 “意想不到 ”之意。如： I was surprised to see the great changes in my 家鄉(xiāng)的巨大變化他驚訝不已。 His failure didn’t cause much surprise (was not a great surprise.)他的失敗未引起很大的驚奇（并非很意外的事）。 II. Words for using language n 1）（ with on） an expression of joy for sb.’ success, good fortune, luck, etc. : 慶賀，祝賀，常用復(fù)述形式，并與介詞 on搭配，構(gòu)成短語 congratulations on sth. /doing …. 2 ）Congratulations ( on your winning the races)！恭喜（你獲得了勝利）！ I offered my congratulations on his success. 我對他的成功表示了祝賀。 3） congratulate v. (with on.) to speak to ( a person) with praise and admiration for a happy event or sth. successfully done: 意為 “向某人表示祝賀，向某人道賀 ”，構(gòu)成短語 congratulate sb. on sth. /dong…. congratulate oneself that 結(jié)構(gòu)中： We congratulated him on having passed the 。 He congratulates himself on having chosen a good woman to be his 作妻子。 2. cf. especially, specially especially: to an exceptional degree。 in particular: 特殊地，尤其，常用于正式文體中 : This is a very mon word, especially in spoken ，尤其在英語口語中。 She likes the country, especially in ，尤其是春天。 specially: for a particular purpose: 特別地，專門地，表示 “為了特別的目的 ”： This cake was specially made for you. 這個(gè)蛋糕是專門為你做的。 3. cf. be known as, be known for, be known to sb. be known as作為 …… 而聞名； be known for以 /因 …… 而聞名； be known to …… 而熟悉。如： He was known as a excellent 。 The city is known for its long 。 He is known to the police as a thief. 警察都知道他是個(gè)小偷。 III. Explanation of difficult sentences 1. It seemed that the world was at an 。 seem連系動詞，似 乎，好象 1） seem + (to be ) + adj./n. 12 2） seem + to do 3） seem + like + n. 4） It seems/seemed (to sb.) + thatclause如： Our English teacher seems to be a kind man. He seems to know everything = It seems that he knows everything. It seems like years since we last met. It seems that I have seen her before. = I seem to have seen her before. 2. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was ，幾乎一切都被毀了。 everywhere 用作連詞，等于 wherever, no matter where，引起讓步狀語從句。如： Everywhere I go, I find the same ，我都看到一樣的東西。 You see it everywhere you look.無論你往哪兒看，你都會看到它。 3. …90% of its homes were % 的家都不存在了。 是過去分詞作表語，意為 “不在 ”“走了 ”“丟了 ”“用完了 ”，或指人 “死了 ”。分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語，謂語動詞要根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)代表的量是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞而定。如： His job was 。 My watch was 。 He’ll be gone for quite a little while.他要離開很長一段時(shí)間。 50% of the students in our class are 50%的學(xué)生是女生。Twothirds of the earth surface is covered with 。 4. The army anized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the 成小分隊(duì)，將被困的人挖出來，將死者 掩埋。 those who 相當(dāng)于意為 “凡 …… 的人 ”，表示的是兩者以上的不定數(shù)量， who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句用復(fù)數(shù)，不能用 that代替。（注意： anybody who, he who中謂語動詞用單數(shù)。） the dead意為 “死難者 ”。形容詞或分詞前加表示同一類人或物，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Those who want to see the film write your names on the 這張紙上。 Anybody who breaks the law will be 。 He who laughs last laughs ，誰笑的最好。 The rich are not always 是幸福的。 5. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines. 在城市的北部，一萬礦工中的大多數(shù)從礦井中被救出。 in the north, to the north與 on the north in 表示 “在其中 ”，在境界內(nèi)； to表示在境外，不接壤； on表示接壤。如： China lies in the east of 。 Japan lies to the east of 。（指在中國境外） China faces the Pacific on the 。（指東部境界與太平洋相接）