【正文】 s CNC machine tool manufacturing industry in the 80 years have had the stage of rapid development, many machine tool plant products from traditional products to achieve the transition to the CNC. However, in general, technical level is not high, poor quality, so in the early 90s to face the national economy from planned economy to a market economy and the transfer of adjustment, has experienced the most difficult Depression years, when production dropped to 50 %, stocks more than four months. From 1995, 95 after the country from the start the machine tool market to expand domestic demand to strengthen the restrictions on the approval of imports of CNC equipment, the investment and key support for key numerical control system, equipment, technology research, to CNC equipment has played a significant role in promoting , especially in 1999, the state and the key to the defense industry into a large number of civilian industrial sector funds for technological renovation, so that numerical control equipment manufacturing market prospered. 2, CNC Technology and Equipment of vehicles cutting Read: 133 CNC lathe processing technology and lathe processing technology is similar, but because of CNC lathe is a setup, continuous automatic processing to plete all the turning process, and therefore should pay attention to the following areas. 1. A reasonable amount of selection cutting For the high efficiency of metal cutting, being processed materials, cutting tools, cutting conditions are the three elements. These determine the processing time, tool life and processing quality. Costeffective way of processing must be a reasonable choice of cutting conditions. 21 The three elements of cutting conditions: cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth of the damage directly caused by knives. With the increase in cutting speed, tip temperature rise will result in mechanical, chemical, thermal wear and tear. 20% increase in cutting speed, tool life will reduce the 1 / 2. Feed conditions and tool wear later in the context of relations in the small produce. However, a large quantity of feed, cutting temperature rise, followed by wearing big. Than the impact of cutting speed on tool small. The impact of depth of cut on tool cutting speed and feed though not large, but in a small cutting depth of cut when he was cutting materials produce hardened layer, it will also affect the tool life. The user is processed according to the material, hardness, cutting the state, material type, feed rate, cutting depth, etc. choose to use the cutting speed. The most suitable processing conditions are selected on the basis of these factors the selected. There is a regular, stable life of the wear and tear to achieve the ideal conditions. However, in practical operation, the tool life of choices and tool wear, dimensional changes are processed, surface quality, cutting noise, heat and other related processing. In determining processing conditions, the need to study the actual situation. For the stainless steel and heatresistant alloys difficult to machine materials, the coolant can be used or to choose a good blade rigid. 2. Rational choice tool A) rough car, to select high strength and durability a good tool in order to meet the rough car back to eat large amount of knives, large feed requirements. 2) fine car, to select high precision, durability good tool to ensure the machining accuracy requirements. 3) To reduce tool change time and convenience of the knife, should maximize the use of machines and machine clip folder knife blades. 3. Rational choice Fixture 1) have tried to use universal fixture clamping the workpiece to avoid the use of special fixture。s central NC Itype and highgrade CNC Shenyang National Engineering Research Center of the blue sky I, and others through the National Quality Supervision and Testing Center machine test qualified domestic CNC systems such as Nanjing, four open pany39。s CNC technology has been a qualitative leap, when the acceptance through national research and identification of products, including Beijing39。 20 附錄： 外文資料 Thesis First, the development history of China39。 在設(shè)計(jì)期間老師幫助我收集文獻(xiàn)資料，理清設(shè)計(jì)思路，指導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，提出有效的改進(jìn)方案。在這期間凝結(jié)了很多人的心血，在此表示衷心的感謝。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中受到劉老師無(wú)微不至的關(guān)心與耐心指導(dǎo)，使我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)得以順利的進(jìn)展。 18 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) [1]徐 灝 .新編機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)師手冊(cè)【 M】 .北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 1995. [2]胡家秀 .機(jī)械零件設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè)【 M】 .北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 1999. [3]李益民 .機(jī)械制造工藝設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)【 M】 .北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 1995. [4]劉文劍，曹天河，趙維緣 .夾具工程師手冊(cè)【 M】 .哈爾濱：黑龍江科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社， 1987. [5]張耀宸 .機(jī)械加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)【 M】 .北京：航空工業(yè)出版社， 1987. [6]《金屬切削加工工藝人員手冊(cè)》修訂組 .金屬切削加工工藝人員手冊(cè)【 M】 .上海：上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社， 1965. [7] 艾興，肖詩(shī)綱 .金屬切削用量手冊(cè)【 M】 .北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 1996. [8]東北重型機(jī)械學(xué)院 .機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第二版）【 M】 .上海：上海科技出版社， 1988. [9]劉文劍 .夾具工程師手冊(cè)【 M】 .哈爾濱：黑龍江科技出版社， 1987. [10]楊黎明 .機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)【 M】 .北京：國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社， 1996. 19 致 謝 首先感謝母校，是她給我一個(gè)難得的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)，讓我在即將畢業(yè)之際學(xué)到了很多知識(shí)，經(jīng)過(guò)這幾個(gè)月的緊張的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，使我在理論和動(dòng)手能力上都有了進(jìn)一步的提高。同時(shí)依據(jù)夾具設(shè)計(jì)原理和相關(guān)資料可以了解到該設(shè)計(jì)中的夾具設(shè)計(jì)也是合理可行的，該夾具確保了工件的加工質(zhì)量，不僅工藝性好結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單而且使用性好、操作省力高效，同時(shí)定位及夾緊快速準(zhǔn)確，提高了生產(chǎn)率，降低了制造成本。為了提高生產(chǎn)力，使用螺紋卡緊機(jī)構(gòu) 本次設(shè)計(jì)中還按老師的要求畫(huà)出了夾具體的零件圖，具體結(jié)構(gòu)可 參見(jiàn)附圖。 定位基準(zhǔn)與限位基準(zhǔn)不重合，產(chǎn)生基準(zhǔn)位移誤差△基（也叫定位副制造不準(zhǔn)確誤差）。 定位誤差：設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)在工序尺寸方向上的最大位置變動(dòng)量。 一批工件逐個(gè)在夾具上定位時(shí)，由于工件及定位元件存在公差，使各個(gè)工件所占據(jù)的位置不完 全一致即定位不準(zhǔn)確，加工后形成加工尺寸的不一致，形成加工誤差。 F= 使用快速螺旋定位機(jī)構(gòu)快速人工卡緊，調(diào)節(jié)卡緊力調(diào)節(jié)裝置，即可指定可靠的卡緊力。 S3179。 鉆削軸向力 ： NdfkCF zfyfFFi ?????? 扭矩 ： MNkfdCT tytztT ??????? ? 卡緊力： NFF f ?? ? 取系數(shù) S1= S2=S3=S4= 則實(shí)際卡緊力為 F’ =S1179。 （一）定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇 出于定位簡(jiǎn)單和快速的考慮，選擇孔 φ 32mm和端面為基準(zhǔn)定位，側(cè)面加定位銷輔助定位，使工件完全定位，再使用快速螺旋卡緊機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行卡緊。 （ 5）采用先進(jìn)的工藝方法 在毛坯制造 中采用新工藝；采用少無(wú)切削工藝；改進(jìn)加工方法；應(yīng)用特種加工新工藝。 （ 3）縮短布置工作地時(shí)間： 主要是減少換刀時(shí)間和調(diào)刀時(shí)間； 采用自動(dòng)換刀裝