【正文】 12mm鉆 φ16mm 的孔，這時(shí)的垂直度容易保證，并且定位和裝夾 都很方便，并且方案二加工孔是在同一鉆床上加工的 .因此，選擇方案二是比較合理的。 45176。 45176。 40 鉆 鉆 φ 10孔至 φ ，鉸 φ 10孔至圖紙尺寸 50 擴(kuò)、鉸 擴(kuò) φ 16至 φ 179。 ，銑槽 6179。 45176。 45176。 45176。 工序 II 銑下部?jī)啥嗣娉叽?20至圖紙尺寸，選擇 XA6132臥銑銑床 工序 III 鉆 φ 16+ φ ，锪孔 21179。 26，鉸 φ 16+，用 Z535立式鉆床加工。 ，銑槽 6179。 45176。其作用是將工件定位，以使工件獲得相對(duì)于機(jī)床和刀具的正確位置，并把工件可靠地夾緊。 機(jī)床夾具的組成：定位元件、夾緊裝置、對(duì)刀、引導(dǎo)元件或裝置、連接元件、夾具體、 其它元件及裝置。 （ 2）對(duì)機(jī)床夾具的基本要求： 穩(wěn)定地保證工件的加工精度；提高機(jī)械加工的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率；結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，有良好的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性和勞動(dòng)條件；應(yīng)能降低工件的制造成本。由于數(shù)控機(jī)床的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速及范圍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于普通機(jī)床，而且主軸輸出功率較大，因此與傳統(tǒng)加工方法相比，對(duì)數(shù)控加工刀具的提出了更高的要求，包括精度高、強(qiáng)度大、剛性好、耐用度高，而且要求尺寸穩(wěn)定，安裝調(diào)整方便。 如車或銑高強(qiáng)度鋼、鈦合金、不銹鋼零件，建議選擇耐磨性較好的可轉(zhuǎn)位硬質(zhì)合金刀具。 （ 3）根據(jù)加工區(qū)域的特點(diǎn)選擇刀具和幾何參數(shù)。生產(chǎn)中，平面零件周邊輪廓的加工，常采用立銑刀；銑削平面時(shí)，應(yīng)選硬質(zhì)合金刀片銑刀；加工凸臺(tái)、凹槽時(shí)，選高速鋼立銑刀；加工毛坯表面或粗加工孔時(shí)，可選取鑲硬質(zhì)合金刀片的玉米銑刀；對(duì)一些立體型面和 變斜角輪廓外形的加工，常采用球頭銑刀、環(huán)形銑刀、錐形銑刀和盤形銑刀。 根據(jù)不同的工序選擇刀具： （ 1）銑刀依據(jù)資料選擇高速鋼圓柱銑刀直徑 d=60mm，齒數(shù) z=10，及直徑為 d=50mm，齒數(shù) z=8及切槽刀直徑 d=6mm。 ，選用專用刀具。 （ 5）鉆螺紋孔 φ M86H 用錐柄階 梯麻花鉆，機(jī)用絲錐。 （ 2）選擇加工孔量具 因?yàn)榭椎募庸ぞ冉橛?IT7～ IT9之間，可選用讀數(shù)值 測(cè)量范圍 50mm～ 125mm的內(nèi)徑千分尺即可。故可選用讀數(shù)值為 0～ 150mm的游標(biāo)卡尺進(jìn)行測(cè)量。 工藝尺寸鏈：由單個(gè)零件在工藝過程中形成的有關(guān)尺寸的尺寸鏈。 減環(huán)：其余各組成環(huán)不變，此環(huán)增大使封閉環(huán)減少者。相接原則，確定增環(huán)、減環(huán)。 （ 2）孔的加工 1） φ 32mm. 毛坯為空心，通孔，孔內(nèi)要求精度介于 IT7～ IT8 之間。 鉆孔： φ 15mm. 2z= 擴(kuò)孔： φ 2z= 粗鉸： φ 2z= 精鉸： φ 16H7 3） φ 16mm的孔 毛坯為實(shí)心、不沖出孔，孔內(nèi)要求精度介于 IT8～ IT9之間。 鉆孔： φ 2z= 精鉸： φ 8H7 5）鉆 φ 6mm孔 毛坯為實(shí)心、不沖出孔，孔內(nèi)要求精度介于 IT8～ IT9之間。 ,kr=5176。 確定進(jìn)給量 f 根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)三表 查出 f 表 =～ ，按Z525機(jī)床說明書，取 f=。 1=N’ =01 0 0 0 39。 布置工作地時(shí)間 t布置：為使加工正常進(jìn)行，工人照管工作地所消耗的時(shí)間（包括更換刀具、潤(rùn)滑機(jī)床、清理切屑、收拾工具等）。 碳素工具鋼 高速鋼 硬質(zhì)合金 立方氮化硼 人造金剛石 高速磨 彈力磨 砂帶磨 2）采用復(fù)合工步縮短基本時(shí)間：復(fù)合工步的幾個(gè)加工表面的基本時(shí)間重疊，從而節(jié)約基本時(shí)間。 （ 3）縮短布置工作地時(shí)間： 主要是減少換刀時(shí)間和調(diào)刀時(shí)間； 采用自動(dòng)換刀裝置或快速換刀裝置；使用不重磨刀具；采用樣板或?qū)Φ秹K對(duì)刀； 采用新型刀具材料以提高刀具耐用度。 （一）定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇 出于定位簡(jiǎn)單和快速的考慮，選擇孔 φ 32mm和端面為基準(zhǔn)定位，側(cè)面加定位銷輔助定位，使工件完全定位，再使用快速螺旋卡緊機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行卡緊。 S3179。 一批工件逐個(gè)在夾具上定位時(shí)，由于工件及定位元件存在公差，使各個(gè)工件所占據(jù)的位置不完 全一致即定位不準(zhǔn)確，加工后形成加工尺寸的不一致，形成加工誤差。 定位基準(zhǔn)與限位基準(zhǔn)不重合，產(chǎn)生基準(zhǔn)位移誤差△基（也叫定位副制造不準(zhǔn)確誤差）。同時(shí)依據(jù)夾具設(shè)計(jì)原理和相關(guān)資料可以了解到該設(shè)計(jì)中的夾具設(shè)計(jì)也是合理可行的，該夾具確保了工件的加工質(zhì)量，不僅工藝性好結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單而且使用性好、操作省力高效，同時(shí)定位及夾緊快速準(zhǔn)確，提高了生產(chǎn)率，降低了制造成本。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中受到劉老師無(wú)微不至的關(guān)心與耐心指導(dǎo)，使我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)得以順利的進(jìn)展。 在設(shè)計(jì)期間老師幫助我收集文獻(xiàn)資料，理清設(shè)計(jì)思路，指導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，提出有效的改進(jìn)方案。s CNC technology has been a qualitative leap, when the acceptance through national research and identification of products, including Beijing39。s CNC machine tool manufacturing industry in the 80 years have had the stage of rapid development, many machine tool plant products from traditional products to achieve the transition to the CNC. However, in general, technical level is not high, poor quality, so in the early 90s to face the national economy from planned economy to a market economy and the transfer of adjustment, has experienced the most difficult Depression years, when production dropped to 50 %, stocks more than four months. From 1995, 95 after the country from the start the machine tool market to expand domestic demand to strengthen the restrictions on the approval of imports of CNC equipment, the investment and key support for key numerical control system, equipment, technology research, to CNC equipment has played a significant role in promoting , especially in 1999, the state and the key to the defense industry into a large number of civilian industrial sector funds for technological renovation, so that numerical control equipment manufacturing market prospered. 2, CNC Technology and Equipment of vehicles cutting Read: 133 CNC lathe processing technology and lathe processing technology is similar, but because of CNC lathe is a setup, continuous automatic processing to plete all the turning process, and therefore should pay attention to the following areas. 1. A reasonable amount of selection cutting For the high efficiency of metal cutting, being processed materials, cutting tools, cutting conditions are the three elements. These determine the processing time, tool life and processing quality. Costeffective way of processing must be a reasonable choice of cutting conditions. 21 The three elements of cutting conditions: cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth of the damage directly caused by knives. With the increase in cutting speed, tip temperature rise will result in mechanical, chemical, thermal wear and tear. 20% increase in cutting speed, tool life will reduce the 1 / 2. Feed conditions and tool wear later in the context of relations in the small produce. However, a large quantity of feed, cutting temperature rise, followed by wearing big. Than the impact of cutting speed on tool small. The impact of depth of cut on tool cutting speed and feed though not large, but in a small cutting depth of cut when he was cutting materials produce hardened layer, it will also affect the tool life. The user is processed according to the material, hardness, cutting the state, material type, feed rate, cutting depth, etc. choose to use the cutting speed. The most suitable processing conditions are selected on the basis of these factors the selected. There is a regular, stable life of the wear and tear to achieve the ideal conditions. However, in practical operation, the tool life of choices and tool wear, dimensional changes are processed, surface quality, cutting noise, heat and other related processing. In determining processing conditions, the need to study the actual situation. For the stainless steel and heatresistant alloys difficult to machine materials, the coolant can be used or to choose a good blade rigid. 2. Rational choice tool A) rough car, to select high strength and durability a good tool in order to meet the rough car back to eat large amount of knives, large feed requirements. 2) fine car, to select high precision, durability good tool to ensure the machining accuracy requirements. 3) To reduce tool change time and convenience of the knife, should maximize the use of machines and machine clip folder knife blades. 3. Rational choice Fixtu