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2023年 1月 31日星期二 9時(shí) 23分 56秒 21:23:5631 January 2023 ? 1一個(gè)人即使已登上頂峰,也仍要自強(qiáng)不息。 2023年 1月 31日星期二 下午 9時(shí) 23分 56秒 21:23: ? 1最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑戰(zhàn)莫過于提升自我。勝人者有力,自勝者強(qiáng)。 :23:5621:23Jan2331Jan23 ? 1越是無能的人,越喜歡挑剔別人的錯(cuò)兒。 , January 31, 2023 ? 閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。 2023年 1月 31日星期二 9時(shí) 23分 56秒 21:23:5631 January 2023 ? 1空山新雨后,天氣晚來秋。 。 :23:5621:23:56January 31, 2023 ? 1意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 :23:5621:23Jan2331Jan23 ? 1世間成事,不求其絕對圓滿,留一份不足,可得無限完美。 , January 31, 2023 ? 很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果,但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。 2023年 1月 31日星期二 9時(shí) 23分 56秒 21:23:5631 January 2023 ? 1做前,能夠環(huán)視四周;做時(shí),你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。 。 :23:5621:23:56January 31, 2023 ? 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā),舊國見青山。 :23:5621:23Jan2331Jan23 ? 1故人江海別,幾度隔山川。 , January 31, 2023 ? 雨中黃葉樹,燈下白頭人。QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN 市場調(diào)研問卷設(shè)計(jì) QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN Logical Steps to Develop a Good Questionnaire ?Plan what to measure計(jì)劃好測量什么 ?Formulate questions to obtain the needed information擬定為獲取所需要信息而要提的問題 ?Decide on the order and wording of questions and the layout of the questionnaire決定問題的順序和措辭 , 決定問卷布局 ?Using a sample, test the questionnaire for omissions and ambiguity試訪 ( 剔除太長和含糊的 ) ?Correct the problems (pretest again, if necessary)最后的修改 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN 問卷設(shè)計(jì)中的普通問題 題目順序不合理 容易引起被訪者理解上的歧義 題目措詞差 問卷太長 沒有給出完整的選項(xiàng)等 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN QR Design Planning What to Measure計(jì)劃好測量什么 ?Specify research objectives and information to be collected 研究目的和要收集的信息 ?Relevance of the study Translating Research Objectives Into Information Requirements將研究目的轉(zhuǎn)換成所需的信息 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN Formatting the Question ?Decision to be made regarding the degree of freedom to be given to the respondents in answering the questions Alternatives 選擇的方法 ?Open ended with no classification沒有任何答復(fù)類別的開放題問題 ?Open ended where the interviewer uses precoded classifications to record the response開放題問題 , 訪問員可以使用預(yù)先編碼分類的答案記錄 ( 半開放題 ) ?Close ended or structured format in which a question or a supplementary card presents the responses to be considered封閉式題 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN Open Ended Questions Open Ended Questions Are Good for the Following Circumstances以下情況適合用開放題 ? When there are too many responses to be listed, or they can‘ t be foreseen 答案多 , 無法羅列 , 或不可預(yù)見 ? When verbatim responses are desired to give the flavor of people‘ s answers or to cite examples 需要逐字逐句記下被訪者的答復(fù)以便充分了解人們的回答 , 或者報(bào)告里要引用被訪者的語言 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN Open Ended Questions (Contd.) Advantages優(yōu)點(diǎn) ?Wide range of responses回答廣泛 ?Responses obtained without any influence答案不受任何影響 ?Free choices自由選擇 Disadvantages缺點(diǎn) ? Articulateness of the respondent in personal interview表述帶有連接詞 ?Respondents may neglect to state the obvious answers答案不明確 ? Involves subjective judgments during summarization and are prone to error在總結(jié)時(shí)可能會引起主觀判斷錯(cuò)誤 ?Difficult to train and enforce interviewers uniformity in questioning, probing and recording培訓(xùn)訪問員提問,追問,記錄的難度高 ?Responses require longer time to process because of coding編碼耗時(shí) QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN Closedend Questions There Are Two Basic Formats for Closed Ended or Structured Questions封閉題目的 2種基本格式 ?Choice from a list of responses從列舉的選項(xiàng)中選擇 ?Appropriate singlechoice rating on a scale在量表范圍中選擇一個(gè)適合的 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN 封閉題 /半封閉題 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN Closedend Questions (Contd.) Advantages優(yōu)點(diǎn) ?Easier to answer容易回答 ?Require less effort by the interviewer訪問員操作輕松 ?Tabulation and analysis is