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此外,它是一個處理環(huán)境中各種實際不確定性的novel approach to dealing with high levels of uncertainty in realworld 。因此,一個簡單的模糊控制機器人的移動方向和移動速度的方案,通過本設計成功的實現(xiàn)了。最后,定義更多附屬函數(shù)可以help improve the rule base by creating more fine tuned 。同樣,最大測量距離是80厘米的傳感器也是對遠處的物體difficult to react to objects far 。另一個有用策略是使用一些不同的傳感器,使數(shù)據(jù)獲取多元化。最引人注目的將是實現(xiàn)紅外線或超聲波傳感器在伺服使他們能夠每次掃描一個完整的180度。盡管有許多相似的問題,IR和超聲波傳感器的距離有可靠地獲取途徑,魯棒性模糊邏輯通常是能夠能防止機器人跑向障礙物。由于該項目不探索復雜的機器人運動學或模擬計算,以至于它是難以確定exactly how many rules should be used到底有多少規(guī)則應該被使用。此外,使用有限數(shù)量的規(guī)則可能限制機器人的一些反應。然而,由于紅外傳感器的尺寸取決于周圍物體幾何形狀,很多時候機器人也無法檢測到障礙物。 6 Table I. The fuzzy logic rule base used for the control scheme 表1 用于控制的模糊邏輯規(guī)則庫 4. 4 結果 The fuzzy control scheme allowed for the robot to quickly respond to obstacles it could 該設計使模糊控制的機器人能夠迅速回應檢測到的障礙。 5 (a) (一) (b) (二) (c) (三) Fig. (1)距離,(二)翻譯速度,以及(c)轉(zhuǎn)動速度。 It was then necessary to take the 因此有必要采用每個組件的最大值作為模糊值。 base 基本規(guī)則Once the input data was fuzzified, the eight defined fuzzy logic rules (Table I) were 一旦輸入數(shù)據(jù)模糊化,模糊邏輯定義的8個規(guī)則(表一)就被執(zhí)行,以便將模糊值分配給平移速度和旋轉(zhuǎn)速度。保持計算時間到最低限度是必要的,以便多組數(shù)據(jù)每秒(大約每40毫秒/個)都可以得到分析。 This made for a total of two input 他們由2各輸入隸屬函數(shù)和8個輸出隸屬函數(shù)(圖2)組成。類似的研究項目既提供模擬結果及模糊控制的執(zhí)行方法。3. 3 避障的模糊控制方案 In order to apply fuzzy logic to the rob 為了將模糊邏輯應用于機器人運作,而開發(fā)了一個詮釋測量距離的設計。Arduino的編程語言具有C語言的形式。該電路板具有低功耗和支持原始PWM信號的特點。Fig. 注:PWM信號電壓在 between 0 and 5 。這樣運算放大器在持續(xù)工作時就產(chǎn)生了很少的過熱。IC的高輸入電阻使馬達從供電的PWM電路中得到非常小功率。這使得measurements to be taken very close to the front of the 。這種傳感器通過安裝帶和高密度聚乙烯棒安裝到坦克的底部。為了更好安裝,*15厘米鋁被彎曲成3個135度角的小塊。由于高密度聚乙烯具有較低的表面能,當與其他材料粘接時它并不理想,所以用一丙烷棒與環(huán)氧粘合劑來提高表面溫度,提高易焊接能力。該裝置去除了所有電子,齒輪和其他多余的部分,只留下了個空架和兩個帶動坦克履帶的直流電動機。2. 2 機器人具體實現(xiàn) . 底盤和傳感器 The robotic vehicle39。2Due to its easy implementation, fuzzy logic control has由于其易于實現(xiàn),模糊邏輯控制been popular for industrial applications when advanced differential equations bee either一直流行在工業(yè)應用中,尤其是高級微分方程putationally expensive or offer no known 。例如,超聲波和紅外線傳感器在其距離內(nèi)allow for fast and cost effective distance measurements with varying uncertaint允許快速和有效的測量但其測量結果存在很大的不確定性。然而,在其收集data by allowing for a level of ,模糊邏輯允許利用不精確的間接方法來實現(xiàn)。Although one option is to utilize probability theory in order to e up with a mo雖然一個方案是利用概率論,以便得到一個更realistic model, this still relies on obtaining information about an agent39。此外,它是一個新的方法來處理在現(xiàn)實世界環(huán)境中的不確定性水平高。因此,該項目已經(jīng)成功地實現(xiàn)了一個簡單的模糊控制計劃調(diào)整航向和速度的移動機器人。最后,定義更多的隸屬函數(shù),可以幫助提高規(guī)則庫通過創(chuàng)建更多的微調(diào)反應。本實驗中使用的紅外線傳感器的最小距離為10厘米,所以無法可靠地檢測到任何在前面的這同樣,傳感器的最大距離為80厘米,所以很難遠處的物體作出反應。然而,這種類型的檢修可能破壞一些模糊邏輯樂于助人的簡單。s helpful simplicity. Another helpful tactic would be to use a few types of sensors so that data could be taken at multiple ranges. The IR sensors used in this experiment had a minimum distance of 10 cm, so anything in front of this could not be reliably detected. Similarly, the sensors had a maximum distance of 80 cm so it was difficult to react to objects far away. Ultrasonic sensors do offer significantly increased ranges at a slightly increased cost and response time. Lastly, defining more membership functions could help improve the rule base by creating more fine tuned responses. However, this would again increase the plexity of the system.Thus, this project has successfully implemented a simple fuzzy control scheme for adjusting the heading and speed of a mobile robot. While it is difficult to determine whether this is a worthwhile application without heavily researching other methods, it is quite apparent that fuzzy logic affords a certain level of simplicity in the design of a system. Furthermore, it is a novel approach to dealing with high levels of uncertainty in realworld ,以提高機器人的性能,可以作出這個項目未來的迭代。5. CONCLUSIONThere are several easy improvements that could be made to future iterations of this project in order