【正文】 service. 4. 動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 a sleeping child a sleeping pill 檢驗(yàn)原則：動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)可替換為be used for 現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)可替換為定語(yǔ)從句。 + to do=忘記或記起將要發(fā)生的行為。 My job is interesting.動(dòng)名詞后置做主語(yǔ)的固定句型216。Smoking is difficult habit to break.It isn’t good for you to smoke so much today.：動(dòng)名詞：主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)可互換位置。：－表示客觀性，一般性的行為多用動(dòng)名詞。. He left home, without a single word said.動(dòng)名詞1. 基本理解形式：ving本質(zhì)：有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非謂語(yǔ)形式。 ? 沒(méi)有任何人陪她，她開(kāi)始了旅程。 練習(xí)：站在車(chē)站上，一塊石頭砸在了他的頭上。(主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行） 過(guò)去分詞：Ved, 含義為被動(dòng)和完成 . An elegantlyfurnished room Departed lovers Canned food1. 分詞作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞之前，分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞后。－Never make anything simple and efficient when a way can be found to make it plex and wonderful. 6）不定式作狀語(yǔ) －In order to be truly happy, you must live along with, and you must stand for something larger than yourself. －I decided not to let my past rule my future so I decided to change my present in order to open up my future. only to do （翻譯考點(diǎn)）引出意想不到的或不愉快的結(jié)果. 我們匆忙趕到火車(chē)站，不料發(fā)現(xiàn)車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。－All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered。They had no house to live _____.I want to thank the students for giving me the chance to meet with you, the chance to talk a little bit about my country and answer some of your questions. Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the world he lives in. （八）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)題4) 不定式作賓語(yǔ)只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：hope, promise, expect, plan, prepare, desire, determine. 主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ) I find to say the things difficult I find it difficult to say the things. I find it difficult to says the things I mean. I find it more difficult to say the things I mean than the things I can’t 要點(diǎn)1:不定式作賓語(yǔ)而后面還有賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，常用it來(lái)代替不定式短語(yǔ)，而把真正作賓語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)放在補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后。of 句型常用：careless, clever, good, kind, nice , stupid, silly, unwise.. It is impossible for you to defeat an ignorant men in argument.2）作表語(yǔ)： To love is to risk not being loved in return. To hope is to risk pain. To try is to risk failure, but risk must be taken because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing.3）作定語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)1：不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)總是放在被修飾詞之后，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1）作主語(yǔ)：To know oneself is difficult.要點(diǎn)1：在較長(zhǎng)的不定式作主語(yǔ)的句中，往往用 it 代替不定式作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式后置。由于這些形式在句子中不做謂語(yǔ)，所以被稱(chēng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 句子的各種成分非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1. 基本概念：英文的句子有且只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，如果已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，那么其他的動(dòng)詞就要改變形式。－關(guān)系代詞的指代that, which, in which, of which等關(guān)系代詞通常就近指代前面的先行詞。 one …another。. 97年考研真題閱讀 Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “ a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. so 的方法1. 用作副詞的代用詞 He often behaved prudently, but he did not always behave so.2. 和do 一起代替分句中的主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分 －She hoped that they would clean the house carefully before her arrival, but unfortunately they didn’t do so.－Never apologize for showing feeling. When you do so, you apologize for truth. 3）三種指代－主從復(fù)合句中的指代 在主從復(fù)合句中，第二句的代詞主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常指代第一句的名詞主語(yǔ)（有時(shí)是賓 語(yǔ)），表示話題的延續(xù)。 which －本質(zhì)：邏輯完整－語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔 －原則：詞義對(duì)應(yīng)，句意通順 －功能：避免重復(fù)，增強(qiáng)連貫性練習(xí)：The word “they” in “together they threaten…”refers to________ The reality that has blocked my path to bee the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways。 this。 While I disapprove of what you say, I would defend to the death that your right to say it. Voltaire While so many people are out smelling the flowers, someone is taking the time to plant some. 3) 句中的while You can wear out iron shoes in fruitless search, while you may hit on what you need without even looking for it. We judge ourselves by what we feel capable of doing, while others judge us by what we have already done. 閱讀：While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. 難點(diǎn) 2. since 1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：表自從，主句為完成時(shí)態(tài) 2. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句：表因?yàn)? ——Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. (02 考研閱讀理解) —— Open source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. 難點(diǎn)3: as 1）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:表隨著，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行 As selfacceptance grows, shyness naturally diminishes. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. 2) 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句 As there was very little support, the strike was not successful.3) as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝句 （前面講過(guò)）