【正文】 Given time 意為“（如果）給以時間的話”。（=If we are lucky） With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸運的話，她將得到那份工作。with luck 意為“如果幸運的話，如果運氣好的話”。What if 和 Say 用來引導一個假設條件句，其義相當于 Let us suppose（讓我們假設）。Suppose/Supposing (that) 引導假設條件句，其功能相當于 if。 You will never be good students so long as you goof around. 如果你們成天游手好閑，就永遠也成不了好學生。 As long as you don’t betray me, I’ll do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出賣我，要我做什么我都愿意。 You may eat anything, so long as you don’t eat too much. 只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何東西。 So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave. 如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。As/So long as ...結構︰As/So long as ＋子句，S＋V ...說明︰此句型意為“如果…，只要…”。Provided/Providing (that) 引導假設條件句，其功能相當于 if。 I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time － unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及時趕到會場，除非我趕上了較找的一班火車。 Unless you change your mind (=If you don’t change you mind), I won’t be able to help you. 除非你改變你的想法，否則我不能幫助你。unless 引導一個否定假設句，相當于 if ... not ...，有時可以互換使用。 Stop eating sweets, or you won’t get any dinner. 你如果不停止吃糖，你就不要吃飯。Be there on time, otherwise you’ll create a bad impression. 要準時來，否則你會給人一個壞的印象。 Stop shouting or you’ll wake up the neighbors. 不要喊了，否則你會把鄰居吵醒的。祈使句的用法比 if 子句表示的更為緊迫。Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause結構︰祈使句＋連接詞＋主句說明︰祈使句表示須具備的條件，主句表示可能的結果。 It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全體會員都被要求出席這次晚會。 It is important that he be quiet. 他該保持安靜是有必要的。 It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 急需將食物和衣服送給災民。 It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference. 他有必要整理些資料供我參考。It is proper ... that ...結構︰It is＋意志形容詞（important 等）＋（that）＋主詞＋（should）＋原形動詞說明︰意志形容詞包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable，remendable，proper 等。 Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive. 最近，許多州堅持中學應該教學生如何開車。 My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education. 我媽媽鼓勵我，而且堅持我應該繼續(xù)我的教育。 They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他們規(guī)定不應加重法律。 His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十點以前回家。美式英語通常省略 should。I demand/insist that ...結構︰主詞1＋意志動詞（demand／insist 等）＋（that）＋主詞2＋（should）＋原形動詞說明︰意志動詞有四類：建議（suggest，remend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，mand 等），規(guī)定（ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。 Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是這位好心的向導，我可能就在山中迷路了。Had it not been for your timely help, our pany would have been on the verge of bankruptcy. 若非你及時伸出援助之手，本公司將會瀕臨破產的邊緣。此類句構專門用于表示與過去事實相反的假設語氣。 Were it not for science, we could not live a fortable live. 若非科學，我們無法過著舒適的生活。 I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我會寂寞，若非有鳥也有花。 Without air, all living things would die. 若非空氣，所有的生物都會死亡。 But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull. 要不是音樂，人生會很無聊。 If it were not for his presence, I would punish you. 要不是他在場，我會處罰你的。亦可用“but for＋名詞”或“without＋名詞”代替。If it were not for ...結構︰if it were not for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞…說明︰此句型意為“若非（有）…”。 It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已經完成了這個工作。其實他是再愚蠢不過了。 It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是個萬事通。本句型中的 as if 子句可用以表示事實，或假設語氣。 She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她當時看起來好像什么事都沒發(fā)生似的。 The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father. 這護士照顧這位病人彷佛在照顧她爸爸似的。 He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺彷佛幾乎要殺掉他們。 He speaks like that as if he doesn’t want to attend the ，似乎不想?yún)⒓訒h。as if，as though 是副詞連接詞，引導副詞子句。 If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機會就好了。 If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。If only + Ved結構︰If only＋過去式／過去完成式說明︰此句型意為“要是…就好了。 I wish you had not told the truth. 但愿你沒有說實話。 I wish (=I would rather) he could e tomorrow. 但愿他明天能來。 I wish I were as tall as you. 但愿我像你一樣高。而 I hope 之后以 that 子句做受詞時，該子句用一般時態(tài)。I wish ... + Ved ...結構︰I wish＋（that）＋主詞＋動詞過去式／過去完成式（had＋過去分詞）…說明︰I wish 之后以 that 子句為受詞時，該子句的動詞一定要用假設語氣：若動詞用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望；若用過去完成式，則表示與過去事實相反的愿望。 Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished ，現(xiàn)在就不會受罪了。 If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now. 如果他年輕時多努力一點，現(xiàn)在就能過得舒服些。即：if 子句若與過去事實相反，用過去完成式表示；而主要子句若與現(xiàn)在事實相反，則用過去式助動詞表示。 Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?我要是當年向你求婚，你會答應嫁給我嗎? Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction. 假如沒有你的幫助，這筆生意早就告吹了。 Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him. 她（那時）不會原諒他，若非他道了歉。 I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned. 如果有人在他旁邊，或許他就不會溺死。 I could have finished the task if I had had more time.如果當時我能有多一點時間，我就能完成這項任務。if 子句中的 had可置于主詞前面，而省略 If。If I had Ved, I would have ...結構︰If…h(huán)ad＋過去分詞…，主詞＋would／should 等＋have＋過去分詞說明︰這是與過去事實相反的假設句型。 It is high time he should e to our house for 。 It is time that you left for the duty. 該你當班了。that 子句也能用 to 不定詞來表示。It is time that ...結構︰It is（high）time＋（that）＋主詞＋過去式動詞說明︰此句型意為“已經到了…的時間了”。 If I had a car, I could take her for a drive. 如果我有車， 我就帶她去兜風了。 If you were in my shoes (=Were you in my shoes), what would you do? 如果你站在我的立場，你會怎么做？ Were I rich enough, I would buy a sports car. 如果我有足夠的錢，我就買一輛賽車了。 If I knew his address, I could write to him. 如果我知道他的住址，我會寫信給他。if 子句中的be動詞，不論主詞為第幾人稱，一律用 were，were 可置于主詞前面，而省略 if。 If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird. 我要是再活一次，我想當一只鳥。 Should another world war break out, what would bee of human beings? 萬一另一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)，人類將會發(fā)生什么事？If I were to ..., I ...結構︰If…were to…，…would／should 等＋原形動詞說明︰這也是表示與未來狀況相反的假設句型，與“if ... should, ...”大致相同，但“if ... were to”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“與真理相反”的假設語氣。 If it should rain, our plan woul