傳染病學(xué)英文名解及問答題(含答案)(參考版)
2024-08-03 13:19本頁面
【正文】 ⑤ anticoagulant therapy if DIC is present。 ③ use of glucocorticoids(糖皮質(zhì)激素) such as methylprednisolone or DXM。 ⑹drug sensitivity test is very necessary. 10. therapeutic principals of fulminant meningococcal meningitis? ①specific antibiotics should be given intravenously promptly. The preferred drug is penicillin。 then rinse with 70% ethanol or iodine。l Serum positive for hepatic virus。l Rapidly increased ascites6. clinical characteristics / diagnostic criteria of cholestatic hepatitis？l Clinical symptoms: Jaundice is the main manifestation and it lasts longer than three weeks. Skin itch is usually more severe at night. Rashes can occur on the neck, chest, back, and wrists. Stool color bees lighter and urine color bees darker. Although there can be many symptoms, the patient usually will not feel extremely ill. l Laboratory tests: Direct bilirubin in the serum elevated and its proportion is more than 60% of the total bilirubin. Serum bined bile acid elevated to 10 to 20 times higher than the normal range. AKP, GGT, cholesterol, and 5 nucleotidase are obviously elevated, and the ALT elevation is moderate. l BUltrasound: It can distinguish intra or extra liver obstruction. 7. mon / main manifestation of acute viral hepatitis？l Malaise, anorexia, fever, dark urine, pale stools, jaundice, right upper quadrant pain and tender hepatomegaly。l Decreased volume of liver。l Hepatoencephalopathy。l Variability: The pathogen may mutate under the pressure of the environment or host. 3. the prerequisite of an epidemic of a municable disease?(傳染病流行的必要條件) Three prerequisite are required for a municable disease to spread. First, there must be a source of infection which disseminate pathogen continuously. Second, there must some persons who lack special immunity to the disease, ie, susceptible. Last, the pathogen must reach the susceptible, the route of transmission.4. the basic characteristic of municable disease（傳染病的基本特征）? The main difference between municable disease and other disease is that the former has four basic characteristics. All municable diseases are infectious diseases and both are caused by a pathogen. But the former have infectivity/ municability, it is the main difference between them. And municable diseases have some epidemiological feature. In addition, there is postinfection immunity no matter covert infection or overt infection.5. clinical characteristics / diagnostic criteria of fulminant hepatitis/hepatitis gravis(重型肝炎的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn))? Fulminant hepatitis is a rare syndrome usually associated with hepatitis B. It is characterized by rapid clinical deterioration. Its diagnostic criteria in our country is:l Severe digestive disorder: poor feeding, nausea and frequent vomiting, fatigue。l Virulence: it is consists of toxins and other virulent factors。l Overt infection or clinical infection: the pathogen enter the host and caused damages as well as immunological response. It is usually easy to be recognized in clinics.l Carrier state: It is a very important source of infection。 used to detect the presence of Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi.Part Ⅱ: Qustion.1. the five manifestation of infection(感染過程的五種表現(xiàn))l Pathogen is killed or eliminated。Frequently asked question (in English)Part Ⅰ Noun explanation 1. convert infection/subclinical infection(隱性感染/亞臨床感染)：it means only a special immune response without or with very mild damage to the host after the agent entered which can be diagnosed by serologic means with demonstration of either a single high titer or a fourfold rise in titer to the infection. It is the most mon model.2. carrier state(病原攜帶狀態(tài))：it is a person who is colonized with an organism but shows no evidence of disease, although disease may have been present earlier. A carrier is a very important source of infection as the organisms can be disseminated from him.3. latent infection(潛伏性感染)：it means an organism enters a host and lies dormant( 靜止的) for
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