【正文】 鏜孔和休用單刃刀具進(jìn)行精加工時。在某些情況下，在連續(xù)生產(chǎn)過程中。自動仿形車床如果工件的數(shù)量少于1000件，在六角車床上進(jìn)行加工比在自動螺絲車床上加工要經(jīng)濟(jì)得多?，F(xiàn)在，它在許多種類的精密零件的大批量生產(chǎn)中起著重要的作用。自動螺絲車床最初是被用來對螺釘和類似的帶有螺紋的零件進(jìn)行自動化和快速加工的。 自動螺絲車床在為小批量的零件（100~200件）設(shè)計加工方法時，采用六角車床是最經(jīng)濟(jì)的。六角車床 對生產(chǎn)加工設(shè)備來說，目前比過去更注重評價其是否具有精確的和快速的重復(fù)加工能力。設(shè)計工程師應(yīng)該認(rèn)真地確定由熟練工人在普通車床上加工的試驗件的公差。這種加工方法的生產(chǎn)速度與現(xiàn)在工廠中使用的最快的加工設(shè)備的速度相等。在現(xiàn)代的生產(chǎn)車間中，普通車床已經(jīng)被種類繁多的自動車床所取代，諸如自動仿形車床，六角車床和自動螺絲車床。普通車床作為最早的金屬切削機床的一種，目前仍然有許多有用的和為人要的特性和為人們所需的特性。然而，操作工人的大部分時間卻花費在簡單的重復(fù)調(diào)整和觀察切屑過程上。通常，它們的實際加工時間少于其總加工時間的30%。小型的普通車床—車床床面最大加工直徑一般不超過330mm（13英寸）被設(shè)計成臺式車床，其床身安裝在工作臺或柜子上。它們的規(guī)格通常是：車床床面上最大加工直徑為305~610mm（12~24英寸）；但是，床面上最大加工直徑達(dá)到1270mm（50英寸）和兩頂尖之間距離達(dá)到3658mm的車床也并不少見。普通車床是生產(chǎn)中最經(jīng)常使用的車床種類。第二個規(guī)格尺寸是兩頂尖之間的最大距離。這是在車床上能夠旋轉(zhuǎn)的工件的最大直徑。 車床的規(guī)格用兩個尺寸表示。它是一個直徑通常大約在51~76mm（2~3英寸）之間的鋼制空心圓柱體。尾座體安裝在底板上，可以沿某種類型的鍵槽在底板上橫向移動，使尾座能與主軸箱中的主軸對正。底板與床身的內(nèi)側(cè)導(dǎo)軌配合，并可以在導(dǎo)軌上作縱向移動。主軸孔的大小是車床的一個重要尺寸，因此當(dāng)工件必須通過主軸孔供料時，它確定了能夠加工的棒料毛坯的最大尺寸。由于機床的精度在很大程度上取決于主軸，因此，主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸較大，通常安裝在預(yù)緊后的重型圓錐滾子軸承或球軸承中。而且在現(xiàn)代機床上只需扳動2~4個手柄，就能得到全部轉(zhuǎn)速。通過變速齒輪，主軸可以在許多種轉(zhuǎn)速下旋轉(zhuǎn)。它提供動力，并可使工件在各種速度下回轉(zhuǎn)。導(dǎo)軌上的任何誤差，常常意味著整個機床的精度遭到破壞。導(dǎo)軌要經(jīng)過精密加工以保證其直線度精度。通常在床身上有內(nèi)外兩組平行的導(dǎo)軌。它能常是由經(jīng)過充分正火或時效處理的灰鑄鐵或者球墨鐵制成。車床的基本部件有：床身、主軸箱組件、尾座組件、溜板組件、絲杠和光杠。由于車床還可以用來鉆孔和鉸孔，車床的多功能性可以使工件在一次安裝中完成幾種加工。Since surface roughness depends greatly on material turned, tooling , and feeds and speeds employed, minimum tolerances that can be held on automatic tracer lathes are not necessarily the most economical tolerances.In some cases, tolerances of are held in continuous production using but one cut . groove width can be held to on some parts. Bores and singlepoint finishes can be held to . On highproduction runs where maximum output is desirable, a minimum tolerance of is economical on both diameter and length of turn.機械加工介紹車床主要是為了進(jìn)行車外圓、車端面和鏜孔等項工作而設(shè)計的機床。the confines of this narrow field, and today plays a vital role in the mass production of a variety of precision parts. Quantities play an important part in the economy of the parts machined on the automatic screw machine. Quantities less than on the automatic screw machine. The cost of the parts machined can be reduced if the minimum economical lot size is calculated and the proper machine is selected for these quantities. Automatic Tracer Lathes singlespindle automatics, multiplespindle automatics and automatic chucking machines. Originally designed for rapid, automatic production of screws and similar threaded parts, the automatic screw machine has long since exceeded 在此，也一并對他們的熱心幫助表示感謝！最后，學(xué)生向在百忙之中評閱本論文的各位老師表示衷心的感謝！參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 【. 2005 1796[2] 濮良貴，：高等教育出版社. 2001 1145[3] 王昆，：高等教育出版社. 2009 1210[4] 朱冬梅，：高等教育出版社.　2000 1388 [5] . 2003 12200[6] 廖念釗，古瑩庵，（第四版）.中國計量出版社. 2001[7] 唐樹忠，張素琴，：天津大學(xué)出版社.　2002 122127[8] ：上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社. 2008 1250[9] ：機械工業(yè)出版社. 2008 100200[10] [16].北京：北京化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社. 2000[11] 王守城, ：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社. 2007[12] 鄭志祥, [第二版]. 北京：高等教育出版社. 2006[13] ：機械工業(yè)出版社. 2006[14] ：高等教育出版社. 2006[15] [6].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社. 2007 [16] ：機械工業(yè)出版社. 2010[17] 徐嘉元, ：機械工業(yè)出版社. 2007[18] . 2005[19] 陳于萍, ：機械工業(yè)出版社. 2007 [20] 丁樹模, ：機械工業(yè)出版社. 2009外文資料翻譯Machining Introduction1 LathesLathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring, Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools, and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the work piece. Consequently, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool.The essential ponents of a lathe are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, and the leads crew and feed rod.The bed is the backbone of a lathe. It usually is made of well normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides s heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic ponents are mounted. Two sets of parallel, longitudinal ways, inner and outer, are contained on the bed, usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted Vshape for all four ways, whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat way in one or both sets, They are precisionmachined to assure accuracy of alignment. On most modern lathes the way are surfacehardened to resist wear and abrasion, but precaution should be taken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not damaged. Any inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is destroyed.The headstock is mounted in a foxed position on the inner ways, usually at the le