【正文】 因此《法國民法典》中最為保守的方面———婚姻家庭制度得以觸動、修改,使妻子得到了管理、享用、自由支配自己財產(chǎn)的權(quán)利,可以不經(jīng)丈夫同意去就業(yè)。廢除“尊敬證書”制度,實現(xiàn)子女婚姻自主而無須父母的批準(zhǔn)。同時取消了父權(quán)和家長權(quán),實現(xiàn)了家庭成員的平等關(guān)系。在婚姻關(guān)系上,削弱了夫權(quán)“, 夫妻在道德上和物質(zhì)上共同管理家庭,負(fù)責(zé)子女的教育,并安排子女的未來”,使已婚婦女獲得了完全的權(quán)利,實現(xiàn)了男女平等。資本主義婚姻家庭立法雖然提出了婚姻自由,但在實際生活中婚姻的締結(jié)無法擺脫金錢的制約,正如馬克思所說:“資產(chǎn)階級撕下了罩在家庭關(guān)系上溫情脈脈的面紗,把這種關(guān)系變成了純粹的金錢關(guān)系。斯塔爾夫人是唯一敢于挺身而出譴責(zé)這一“專橫的社會習(xí)俗”的女性,只是勢單力孤,被迫于1821 年逃到了彼得堡。雖然一些婦女還在吶喊,如“女士中學(xué)”報的女編輯們,對這種處境提出抗議,可是沒有太新的觀點(diǎn),不是什么要求只是抗議而已?？梢娔凶釉诨橐鲋惺堑靡嬲叨邮鞘芎φ?即使是烘炭的男人在家里也是主人,正如著名的女社會活動家弗洛拉因此,婦女一旦結(jié)婚,在公共領(lǐng)域內(nèi)就失去了自己的身份,她們的身份只能通過丈夫來體現(xiàn),丈夫是她的監(jiān)護(hù)人,妻子必須服從丈夫,必須從夫姓,未經(jīng)丈夫許可,婦女沒有就醫(yī)、就業(yè)等權(quán)利,沒有法律地位,婦女地位低人一等,男人的地位終生高于女子,而且被拿破侖以法律的形式將婦女低下的地位固定下來。妻子只有當(dāng)丈夫公開把姘婦供養(yǎng)在家里時才有可能被準(zhǔn)許提出離婚,而丈夫則只對妻子通奸做一簡單“揭發(fā)”即可獲準(zhǔn)離婚。(五) 在家庭問題上犯法時,夫妻在法律面前不平等如果說在奧古斯都時代就廢除了丈夫自行審判自己的妻子的權(quán)利,那么《法國民法典》又允許陪審團(tuán)對自行審判的丈夫進(jìn)行赦免。犯通奸罪的不得與奸夫結(jié)婚。離婚后在3 年內(nèi)不得再婚。離婚的條件十分苛刻,嚴(yán)格規(guī)定必須雙方同意,不得在婚后2 年內(nèi)和結(jié)婚20 年之后提出,丈夫必須滿25 歲,父母長輩必須同意。因為在他死前可為寡婦指定一位幫助他對子女進(jìn)行監(jiān)護(hù)的顧問,如果她再嫁,寡婦就要服從家庭顧問的決定。當(dāng)丈夫精神錯亂,被監(jiān)禁、被判刑而無法履行對妻子的監(jiān)護(hù)時,她們并不能擺脫夫權(quán),因為法官來代表丈夫行使夫權(quán)。丈夫有權(quán)檢查妻子的信件,并能要求郵政部門把她的信件交給他,甚至可以毀掉。(三) 妻子在生活中并不擁有獨(dú)立的人格 她們是丈夫的附屬品,在結(jié)婚時就喪失了姓氏,如果離婚,一般的習(xí)慣是不準(zhǔn)許女人再使用前夫的姓,相反若丈夫死亡,寡婦可在姓名上加上“未亡人”三字。共同財產(chǎn)也由丈夫一個人管理,丈夫可以不經(jīng)妻子的同意而出賣、抵押共同財產(chǎn),而妻子即使是營救丈夫出獄或丈夫不在時為其子女成家立業(yè),未經(jīng)法院許可也不能使用共同財產(chǎn)。即使丈夫在婚約中給妻子廣泛的權(quán)利,妻子也只能利用這些權(quán)利管理自己財產(chǎn)中的動產(chǎn),而不能管理夫妻共有的財產(chǎn)。為了維護(hù)家庭和家庭財產(chǎn),繼承法規(guī)定的繼承人順序中,妻子對丈夫的財產(chǎn)繼承列在最后,甚至在私生子之后?？傊?婦女被剝奪了公民的資格,無法行使法律上的權(quán)利,擔(dān)當(dāng)監(jiān)護(hù)人。如夫再婚,要求拘留前妻的子女時,即使該子女不足16 歲,仍可拘留6 個月。外國婦女與法國人結(jié)婚,依從其夫的地位。嬰兒的出生由父,父親不在時,由醫(yī)務(wù)人員或其他在場的男性進(jìn)行申報。無權(quán)簽定重要的契約,無權(quán)為遺產(chǎn)作證。19 世紀(jì)的法律制度只是加強(qiáng)了法典的苛刻性。他公開講:能夠做自己想要做的事的女子,不是法蘭西式的女子。s consent to employment. This makes The French Civil Code, is more suitable for modern society to adapt to the social development.《法國民法典》中婚姻家庭婦女的地位 法國大革命的風(fēng)暴驚天動地,但對家庭制度卻沒有多大觸動。 abolished respected certification system to achieve child marriage autonomy without parental approval。s interests, until the early 20th century was modified. In marriage, the weakened authority of the husband, husband and wife in the moral and material comanagement of the family, negativeResponsible for their children39。s position description, the most oppressed man can oppress a people, thatIs his wife, she is the proletariat of the proletariat. Although some women still cry, such as President schools reported female editors, this situation made antiProposed, but not too new perspective, not a requirement just to protest it. Bourgeois women were looking down on women39。s surname, without her husband39。 wife only when her husband publiclyCode drafters ofOne of the Portalis points to such a the guiding principle of: his wife more than her husband39。s home. (E) family issues on offense, the husband and wife in inequality before the law If the Augustus era, abolished the husband own trial his wife39。 mit adultery shall not adulterer married. The law on women39。 divorce after three years may not remarry。s consultant, if she remarried, the widow must obey the family consultant39。s custody, they can not get rid of the husband, as the judge to represent the husband39。s letters, and can ask the postal service to her letters to him, or even destroyed. Wife of all social lines To have to be her husband39。s residence, the wife must go hand in hand to him, absolutely can not live in his office, or Criminalization。 her husband died in a crime and fines can be the mon property To pay, but his wife if he shall be fined, in the mon property, you should see the use of his wife all removed usufruct of personal property to pay. (C) his wife in life does not have an independent personality. They are husband appendages of the marriage will lose the name, if the divorce, the general practice is not allowed to women reuse exhusband39。 the mon property of the husband of a person running, a husband may, without his wife39。s property inheritance rights, even the habit Law of succession Portion no. Even if the husband in the marriage to his wife extensive rights, the wife can only use those rights to manage their own property in the dynamic Production, not management of matrimonial property. In general, the wife of all personal property by the husband to manage, the husband can separate his wife39。s wages. To preserve the family and family property, inheritance provisions of successor sequence , The wife of the husband39。 can not remarried widows, presented this request is subject to her husband recently genetically the two men together and follow the procedures before they may detain their children. In short, women are deprived of citizenship, can not exercise legal rights, to act as guardian. (B) his wife in the economy there is no autonomy Code Article 108 to 124 stringent requirements of family property administered by the husband, the wife inheritance, lifetime gift, acquisition, disposal or mortgage of a Property shall be subject to her husband39。s permission to return to France and to declare an intention to settle in France are limited. Ru husband remarried, Required detention exwife39。 French women married to foreigners, but also by their husband39。 if the mother in their home away from birth, from birth to Master declaration. Foreign women and the French marriage, according to their husband39。 can not act as a witness, Identity Certificate witnesses must be at least over 21yearold male, even the babies birth certificate of the witness can not be fully When the. Baby39。附錄The French Civil Code in marriage and family status of women French Revolution storm earthshaking, but on the family system has not been much touched. Napoleon as a bourgeois successor, and there is no breach ofStructure, rather let a woman a mother, that to stabilize the munity will establish the authority of the husband, his wife as a victim. He op