【正文】 這樣使《法國民法典》更適合現(xiàn)代社會(huì),適應(yīng)了社會(huì)的發(fā)展。維護(hù)非婚生子女的平等權(quán)利。如保障未成年人的利益,以教育取代懲罰。特別在離婚上,自1884 年7 月27 日法律恢復(fù)離婚直1975 年7 月11 日《離婚改革法》出臺(tái)使離婚從傳統(tǒng)的過錯(cuò)原則向感情破裂原則過度,所規(guī)定的離婚理由是:雙方同意、共同生活破裂、錯(cuò)誤?！倍夷信降取⒆杂刹]有明確作為婚姻家庭立法的原則,相反是維護(hù)了男子的利益,直到20 世紀(jì)初才加以修改。 總之建立在私有制基礎(chǔ)上的婚姻立法,都是奴役和壓迫婦女的法律。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)婦女在當(dāng)時(shí)輕視婦女的沉悶空氣中非常謹(jǐn)慎,非常服從,不能跟隨女編輯們走上反抗的道路,而是盡量使自己符合男人為她們塑造的形象。特里斯唐對法國婦女在家庭中的地位的描述,受壓迫最深的男人們可以壓迫一個(gè)人,那就是他的妻子,她是無產(chǎn)階級(jí)中的無產(chǎn)者。當(dāng)時(shí)一位作者在評(píng)述《法典》草案時(shí)說:婦女、兒童、仆人沒有分文財(cái)產(chǎn),因?yàn)樗麄儽旧硎且环N財(cái)產(chǎn):婦女屬于男人,兒童屬于他們,仆人僅僅是工具,其時(shí)間、勞動(dòng)、技藝都屬于主人。法典起草者之一的波塔利斯道出了這樣一條立法的指導(dǎo)思想:妻子比丈夫的不忠具有更大的腐蝕性和更危險(xiǎn)的后果,因?yàn)樗齻兪紫仁莻髯诮哟?她們的行為如果偏離道德即可能對維護(hù)家庭的完整性產(chǎn)生更嚴(yán)重的威脅。1808 年起草的刑法對通奸案和離婚案所做的規(guī)定更露骨地反映了對兩者實(shí)行的是不公平的雙重道德原則,奸婦可能被判處三個(gè)月到兩年的監(jiān)禁,而對奸夫只罰100 2000 法郎的罰金。這項(xiàng)法律對婦女的敵視更為明顯:如果由母親監(jiān)護(hù)孩子,到孩子七歲時(shí)也必須交給父輩,即使他曾被確定有罪,且妻子在離婚訴訟時(shí)得遷離丈夫的住所。在任何情況下都不能復(fù)婚。離婚要求在1 年內(nèi)要重復(fù)四次。(四) 為了維護(hù)合法家庭,立法者始終對離婚抱敵視態(tài)度 法國大革命中通過的1792 年法令曾規(guī)定七項(xiàng)離婚理由《, 法典》雖不敢取消這項(xiàng)成為習(xí)俗的法律,但只保留了的其中的三條:通奸、被判刑、虐待和重大侮辱。丈夫即使去世了,他還繼續(xù)在陰間行使權(quán)威。妻子的一切社會(huì)行為都必須得到丈夫的許可,如從事職業(yè)、簽藝術(shù)合同、得到證件等。由丈夫來確定夫妻的住處,妻子必須相隨于他,絕對不能住在他處,否則以犯罪論處。丈夫因犯罪引起的罰金,可用共同財(cái)產(chǎn)來繳納,但妻子若被判處罰金,在共同財(cái)產(chǎn)期間,應(yīng)就用妻子所有除去用益權(quán)的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)繳納。一般來說,妻子的一切個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)由丈夫來管理,丈夫可以單獨(dú)把妻子的財(cái)產(chǎn)出租給他人。實(shí)際上妻子被剝奪了對丈夫財(cái)產(chǎn)的繼承權(quán),連習(xí)慣法中的繼承特留份都沒有。(二) 妻子在經(jīng)濟(jì)上沒有自主權(quán) 法典第108條到第124條嚴(yán)格規(guī)定,家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)由丈夫管理,妻子進(jìn)行繼承遺產(chǎn)、生前贈(zèng)予、獲得、處理或抵押一項(xiàng)財(cái)產(chǎn)需得到丈夫的許可,丈夫甚至可以自由支配妻子的工資?？晌丛倩榈墓褘D,提出此要求時(shí)須經(jīng)丈夫最近血親兩人的協(xié)力并依照程序,始得拘留其子女。法國婦女與外國人結(jié)婚,也依從其夫的地位,如該婦女成為寡婦,得要求恢復(fù)法國人資格,但以其居住于法國或取得國王的許可重返法國并聲明有意定居于法國者為限 。如母親于自己住所以外分娩時(shí),由分娩地的主人申報(bào) 。不能充當(dāng)證人,身份證書的證人須至少年滿21 歲的男性,甚至連嬰兒出生證的證人也不能充當(dāng)。(一) 婦女沒有自己的法律地位 法典第442 條規(guī)定,婦女和瘋子、未成年人一樣沒有自己的法律地位,不能充當(dāng)監(jiān)護(hù)人 。1804 年頒布的法典更是確立了丈夫具有“一家之長”身份的絕對權(quán)威,體現(xiàn)了“妻子應(yīng)該服從他的丈夫”的原則。拿破侖作為資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的繼承者,并沒有破壞社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu),寧愿讓女人做母親,認(rèn)為要穩(wěn)定社會(huì)就要確立丈夫的權(quán)威,讓妻子充當(dāng)犧牲品。 maintenance of illegitimate childrenEqual rights. Therefore, the French Civil Code, the most conservative aspects of marriage and family system to be touched, modified, so that his wife was management, access, freely dispose of their property rights, can not her husband39。s education and their children for the future so that married women had full rights to achieve gender equality. Particularly in the divorce on, since 1884July 27 Law to resume divorce Straight July 11, 1975, Divorce Reform Act, introduced to divorce from the traditional fault principle to mutual affection principle of overregulatedStatutory grounds for divorce are: The two sides agreed to live together break error. Cancellation of the patriarchal and parental rights, realization of the family members of equal relationship. Such as protectionInterests of the minor, to educate the alternative to punishment。s dull air, very careful, very Obey, can not follow the female editors go against the road, but as far as possible their own line for men and women shape the image. Starr wife is the only stand upOut of the condemnation of this arbitrary social custom of women, but too weak, forced in 1821 fled to St. Petersburg. In conclusion based on private ownership based on marriage legislation are slavery and oppression of women. Capitalism, marriage and family legislation in spite of the marriage ZiBy the, but in real life marriage was not out of money constraints, as Marx said: bourgeois tore the cover in a familial sentimentalVeil, to put this relationship into a mere money relation. And gender equality, freedom and not explicitly as a marriage and family legislation in principle, the opposite is the maintenance ofMen39。s permission, women do not seek medical treatment, employment rights, no legal status, the status of women inferior, menThe status of life than women, and was Napoleon, in legal form to low status of women fixed. At that time the author of a Review Code draftWrote: women, children, servants had not a cent of property, because they are an asset: women are men, children belonging to them, the servant is only a tool, the time, The labor, skills belong to the owner. Can be seen of men in marriage the beneficiaries are the women are victims, even the baked carbon man at home that the owner, as Wellknown female social activist Flora ? Tristan French women in the family39。s infidelity with a greater corrosive and dangerous consequences, because they are the firstFirst, continue the family line who, their behavior if the deviation from morality that is likely to safeguard the integrity of the family have a more serious threat. Therefore, the women, once married, in the public domain lost their identity, their identity only by the husband to reflect the husband is her guardian,The wife must obey her husband, the husband39。s rights, the French Civil Code, it allows the jury on its own trialHusband to pardon. 1808 drafting of the criminal law in cases of adultery and divorce case, the provisions made more blunt reflect on both the implementation of the unfair doubleImportant moral principles, adulteress may be sentenced to three months to two years imprisonment, while the adulterer just fine 100 2000 francs fine。s hostility toward a more clear: If the mother had custody of the child, to Seven children, also to be handed over to their parents, even if he had been found guilty, and his wife in divorce proceedings may move out of her husband39。 In any case, can not remarry。s decision. D) In order to safeguard the legitimate family, legislators always divorce hold hostile attitude French Revolution through the 1792 Act had provided seven grounds for divorce, Code, although not abolished as customs law, but only retained the One of the three: adultery, was sentenced abuse and major insult. Divorce are very stringent, strict rules must be mutually agreed, shall not be married 2 years and Results Married 20 years later suggested that the husband must be at least 25 years old, fathers and parents must agree. Divorce requires a year to be repeated four times。s exercise of the authority of the hu