【正文】 ( 1 ) Accidental releases to waterways may expose the general public to ，水路可能使人。 Sources and Potential Exposure來源和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Individuals are most likely to be exposed to epichlorohydrin in the ,接觸到的環(huán)氧氯丙烷在工作場所。 ( 1 , 5 )Epichlorohydrin is also used in the manufacture of synthetic glycerine, textiles, paper, inks and dyes, solvents, surfactants, and ，紡織品，紙張，油墨和料，溶劑，表面活性劑和藥品。s IRIS , which contains information on inhalation chronic toxicity and carcinogenic effects of epichlorohydrin and the RfC , and unit cancer risk estimate for inhalation exposure, and the Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Epichlorohydrin .說明：主要的信息來源，這一事實(shí)表是EPA的虹膜，其中包含的信息吸入慢性毒性和致癌作用和環(huán)氧氯丙烷的RFC，本單位的患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)估計(jì)為吸入性接觸，以及健康及環(huán)境的影響概況為環(huán)氧氯丙烷 。環(huán)保局已列為環(huán)氧氯丙烷作為一個(gè)群體， B2的，可能的人類致癌物質(zhì)。損害鼻腔通道，呼吸道和腎臟已經(jīng)觀察到，在嚙齒動(dòng)物暴露于環(huán)氧氯丙烷吸入急性或慢性期。在高層次的接觸，惡心，嘔吐，咳嗽， labored呼吸，發(fā)炎，肺癌，肺水腫，腎臟病變，可觀察到人類。 EPA has classified epichlorohydrin as a Group B2, probable human ，主要用于生產(chǎn)環(huán)氧樹脂。 Damage to the nasal passages, respiratory tract and kidneys have been observed in rodents exposed to epichlorohydrin by inhalation for acute or chronic duration. At high levels of exposure, nausea, vomiting, cough, labored breathing, inflammation of the lung, pulmonary edema, and renal lesions may be observed in humans.調(diào)整是在2000年1月 Epichlorohydrin is mainly used in the production of epoxy resins. 1998. American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). The AIHA 1998 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook. 1998. 空氣中的有毒物質(zhì) 環(huán)氧氯丙烷（ 1 氯2,3 環(huán)氧丙烷） 10689Chronic Effects (NoncancHazard SummaryCreated in April 1992。 Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Toxic and Hazardous Substances. Cincinnati, OH. 1999. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Biological Exposure Indices. 1999 TLVs and BEIs. EPA/540/R97036. FY 1997 Update. the concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without adverse effect averaged over a normal 8h workday or a 40h workweek. The health and regulatory values cited in this factsheet were obtained in December 1999.a Health numbers are toxicological numbers from animal testing or risk assessment values developed by EPA. b Regulatory numbers are values that have been incorporated in Government regulations, while advisory numbers are nonregulatory values provided by the Government or other groups as advice. NIOSH remended exposure limit to ensure that a worker can escape from an exposure condition that is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from the environment. NOAELNoobservedadverseeffect level. OSHA PELOccupational Safety and Health Administration39。 ERPG 2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects that could impair their abilities to take protective action. LC50 (Lethal Concentration50)A calculated concentration of a chemical in air to which exposure for a specific length of time is expected to cause death in 50% of a defined experimental animal population. LOAELLowestobservedadverseeffect level. NIOSH IDLHNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health39。 the concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without adverse effects. AIHA ERPGAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association39。C) from ppm to mg/m3: mg/m3 = (ppm) (molecular weight of the pound)/(). For epichlorohydrin: 1 ppm = mg/m3. Health Data from Inhalation ExposureACGIH TLVAmerican Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists39。g/m3 ( mg/m3) would result in not greater than a oneinten thousand increased chance of developing cancer. For a detailed discussion of confidence in the potency estimates, please see IRIS. (2) EPA has calculated an oral cancer slope factor of x 103 (mg/kg/d)1. (2) Physical PropertiesThe chemical formula for epichlorohydrin is C3H5OCl, and its molecular weight is g/mol. (1,7) Epichlorohydrin is a volatile and flammable clear liquid at room temperature and is insoluble in water. (1,2,7) The threshold for odor perception of epichlorohydrin is parts per million (ppm). Epichlorohydrin has a pungent, garlicky, sweet odor. (2,8) The vapor pressure for epichlorohydrin is 22 mm Hg at 30 176。g/m3 ( mg/m3) over his or her entire lifetime, that person would theoretically have no more than a oneinamillion increased chance of developing cancer as a direct result of breathing air containing this chemical. Similarly, EPA estimates that breathing air containing 181。 Mice have exhibited local tumors when exposed by subcutaneous injection. (13,5) EPA has classified epichlorohydrin as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. (2) EPA uses mathematical models, based on human and animal studies, to estimate the probability of a person developing cancer from breathing air containing a specified concentration of a chemical. EPA calculated an inhalation unit risk estimate of 106 (181。 medium confidence in the database because chronic studies that adequately address the respiratory system and a twogeneration reproductive study are lacking and the only chronic inhalation study is confounded by severe nasal inflammation in the controls。 Renal degeneration and CNS depression with paralysis of respiration and cardiac arrest have also resulted from acute inhalation exposure in animals. (13) Tests involving acute exposure of rats, mice and rabbits have demonstrated epichlorohydrin to have high acute toxicity from inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. (4) Chronic Effects (Noncancer): Chronic occupational exposure of humans to epichlorohydrin in air is associated with high levels of respiratory tract illness and hematological effects (decreased hemoglobin concentration and decreased erythrocyte and leukocyte counts). (1,