【正文】 fects. AIHA ERPGAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association39。 Mice have exhibited local tumors when exposed by subcutaneous injection. (13,5) EPA has classified epichlorohydrin as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. (2) EPA uses mathematical models, based on human and animal studies, to estimate the probability of a person developing cancer from breathing air containing a specified concentration of a chemical. EPA calculated an inhalation unit risk estimate of 106 (181。 An increased incidence of tumors of the nasal cavity has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation.94181000/101325=1050。氣體(g)：1,2Da:=++ = kcal/= =577 k在355k～：= = R====++w[++] =代入數(shù)據(jù)后得出= kcal/== kcal/h== kcal/h=7500= kcal/h=++=1,3De：,355k～～773 k變化過程是由液體（）變氣體(g)的變化氣體:=++ = kcal/=====++w[++]代入數(shù)據(jù)后得出=+======() = kcal/h=++= kcal/h 計算和丙烯預(yù)熱溫度++++++=0++(355T)+（）+++=0試差法：得T==336℃熱損失為20℃所以T=360℃ 設(shè)備衡算 反應(yīng)器 1．選型：管式絕熱反應(yīng)器 ：ICrI8Ni9Ti 3. 操作條件:(1)~(2) ~ (3）~(1)噴嘴氣速WL={2gP1v2γ[1(P2/P1)(γ1)/γ]/(γ1)}其中γ─絕熱指數(shù)γ=CP/CV，γCl2=, V─進(jìn)料比容m3/kg,g─m/s2P1─進(jìn)口壓力kg/cm2,P1─反應(yīng)器壓力kg/cm2,W─m/s (2) 噴嘴截面積 G進(jìn)口氣體流量kg/s,p1入口壓力，P2反應(yīng)器壓力 F2={2104/()2/()}=104m2(3) 噴嘴直徑d內(nèi)=（4F2/∏）0。對于有c個組分的系數(shù)有c個根,只取aLK?θ?aHK于是．解　得　θ?。饺?R=得 R==理論塔板數(shù)計算最小理論板數(shù)公式: 于是 查吉蘭特圖得 Y=解 得 N=取塔板效率η= 得 N實際=N/=所以 取N實際=30 (塊)進(jìn)料位置的計算精流段的最小理論塔板數(shù)為NR=NR實際=(塊)所以 取NR實際=39(塊)（高沸塔） 選l為Ac , xW,AC ≤3% (mol%) h為1,2Da, xD,1,2Da≤% (mol%) 最終xD,AC≥98%(1)按照清晰分割計算(2)按照非清晰分割根據(jù)上述條件 計算 計算結(jié)果見下圖組分i進(jìn)料Fi(mol)塔頂di(mol)塔釜wi(mol)2aAC12Da13De∑00 得 D= W= 于是 計算 計算結(jié)果見下表組分i相對揮發(fā)度a(mol)進(jìn)料Fi(mol)進(jìn)料組成xiF(mol%)塔頂di(mol)塔釜wi(mol)(mol)2aAC12Da13De∑1/000回流比的計算因為?2 根據(jù)要求 取=2 取R= R=2= 水洗塔依據(jù)：（為進(jìn)料丙烯的1/2）。7200=液氯的平均分子量：M平=71ⅹ=28ⅹ=G液氯=W液率247。具有的計算在設(shè)備計算中。其余的少量HCl氣體在堿洗塔中除去，用質(zhì)量百分比濃度為13—15%的NaOH溶液進(jìn)行噴淋，在塔底時的堿濃度不能超過6%，并且直接進(jìn)行排放，除HCl氣體。ClCH2CHClCH2OH + ClCH2CHOHCH2Cl + 1/2 Ca（OH）2→ClCH2CHClCH2OH + ClCH2CHOHCH2Cl + 1/2 Ca（OH）2→丙烯高溫氯化法的特點是生產(chǎn)過程靈活，工藝成熟，操作穩(wěn)定，除了生產(chǎn)環(huán)氧氯丙烷外，還可生產(chǎn)甘油、氯丙烯等重要的有機(jī)合成中間體，副產(chǎn)DD混劑（1，3二氯丙烯和1，2二氯丙烷）也是合成農(nóng)藥的重要中間體。用作合成甘油和合成樹脂的原料,其余用來生產(chǎn)丙烯 醇、丙烯胺和藥物等 環(huán)氧氯丙烯的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)氯丙烯中文名稱有3氯1丙烯、3氯丙烯、烯丙基氯；英文名稱有3chloro1 propene、3chloropropene、chloride、。其工藝過程主要包括丙烯高溫氯化制氯丙烯，氯丙烯與次氯酸化合成二氯丙醇，二氯丙醇皂化合成環(huán)氧氯丙烷3個反應(yīng)單元。以它為原料制得的環(huán)氧樹脂具有粘結(jié)性強，耐化學(xué)介質(zhì)腐蝕、收縮率低、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好、抗沖擊強度高以及介電性能優(yōu)異等特點，在涂料、膠粘劑、增強材料、澆鑄材料和電子層壓制品等行業(yè)具有廣泛的應(yīng)用。并對環(huán)氧氯丙烯的生產(chǎn)方法、生產(chǎn)原理、流程路線，物料衡算，能量衡算以及主要設(shè)備等進(jìn)行了論述和計算。以它為原料制得的環(huán)氧樹脂具有粘結(jié)性強，耐化學(xué)介質(zhì)腐蝕、收縮率低、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好、抗沖擊強度高以及介電性能優(yōu)異等特點，在涂料、膠粘劑、增強材料、澆鑄材料和電子層壓制品等行業(yè)具有廣泛的應(yīng)用。能與乙醇、氯仿、乙醚、丙酮、苯、 甲苯、四氯化碳和石油醚混溶。沸點：℃；熔點：℃；相對密度：液態(tài) （20/4℃） 蒸氣壓：(25)℃；溶解度：水中：20℃時 ：℃自然溫度：390℃爆炸極限：%，%；油 水分配系數(shù)：辛醇/水分配系數(shù)的對數(shù)值：；遇熱或明火有著火危險，遇明火 可爆炸，危險程度中等，能與HNOH2SO哌嗪、乙二胺、氯磺酸，NaOH發(fā)生激 烈反應(yīng)。 數(shù)據(jù)生產(chǎn)流程簡述：經(jīng)各部熱交換后與反應(yīng)器的氯化物逆向進(jìn)行熱交換，使丙烯預(yù)熱至360—380℃，進(jìn)入氯化反應(yīng)器，與氯氣按配比為5：1的比例在反應(yīng)器中反應(yīng)，生成氯丙烯的的混合物，反應(yīng)溫度控制在500℃，但不能超過510℃?！癉D混合劑”貯罐。并且該塔分為蒸出和冷凝兩部分，在冷凝部分用丙烯蒸化氣體吸收熱來冷卻，溫度很低。=247。，氮氣溶解水中，塔頂蒸汽中水蒸汽飽和。5= 經(jīng)園整大約 15mm,不銹鋼耐酸無縫鋼管（YB80470） 內(nèi)徑 17mm 外徑 20mm 壁厚 3mm(1)環(huán)隙處丙烯線速度計算：CP=+1056072+1093553=CV=CPR=24。 Revised in January 2000Epichlorohydrin is mainly used in the production of epoxy resins. At high levels of exposure, nausea, vomiting, cough, labored breathing, chemical pneumonitis (inflammation of the lung), pulmonary edema, and renal lesions may be observed in humans. (1,2) Dermal contact with epichlorohydrin may result in irritation and burns of the skin in humans and animals. (1) In rats and mice acutely exposed to epichlorohydrin by inhalation, nasal and lower respiratory tract irritation and lesions, hemorrhage, and severe edema have been observed.g/m3 ( mg/m3) would result in not greater than a oneinahundred thousand increased chance of developing cancer, and air containing 181。s immediately dangerous to life or health limit。 1997. The Merck Index. An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 11th ed. Ed. S. Budavari. Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ. 1989. . Amoore and E. Hautala. Odor as an aid to chemical safety: Odor thresholds pared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 3(6):272290. 1983. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). 1997. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Chronic (longterm) occupational exposure of humans to epichlorohydrin in air is associated with high levels of respiratory tract illness and hematological effects. 1發(fā)病率增加腫瘤的鼻腔一直在觀察大鼠暴露出來的吸入。( 1 )Epichlorohydrin may be released to the ambient air during its production and 。 Uses用途 The primary use of epichlorohydrin is in the production of epoxy resins used in coatings, adhesives, and ，粘合劑，和塑料工業(yè)。急性（短期）吸入接觸環(huán)氧氯丙烷在工作場所已引起刺激眼睛，呼吸道及皮膚的工人。 Revised in January 2000危險的主要信息創(chuàng)建于1992年4月。 Cincinnati, OH. OSHA numbers are regulatory, whereas NIOSH, ACGIH, and AIHA numbers are advisory. c This NOAEL and LOAEL are from the critical study used as the basis for the RfC. References. Environmental Protection Agency. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Epichlorohydrin. EPA/600/x85/400. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. 1985. . Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Epichlorohydrin. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC. 1999. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man: Cadmium, Nickel, Some Epoxides, Miscellaneous Industrial Chemicals and General Considerations on Volatile Anaesthetics