【正文】 回收段，Cu ,i 回收度Fi=(ai+bi)P=150Kpa,t=10℃ 蒸出段，Si=VKi/L蒸汽Pw=160KpaTw 殘液（粗氯化物）計算結(jié)果見下圖組分i進料F(Kmol）tD, PD,下KD,i進料下KiT冷，均P冷，均K冷,iT蒸，均P蒸，均K蒸,iTW, PW,下的KW,iCu,iC0,ixi= Cu,i C0,i1/(1 x i)氣相ai 液相biN HClC3=2e2aAC12Da13De∑00∞∞/∞∞/∞∞/∞∞/∞∞/00//00//由公式得上升氣體量 υ總i=(ai+biC0,i) 回收液體 l總,i,= C u,I(Kmol/h)=ViVl(Kmol/h)=V D,i/∑VD,iXD,i= YD,i/ KD,i根據(jù)上面的程序 計算結(jié)果見下表組分iai+biC0 ,i(Kmol/h)i( iV總L總VD,iyD,i xD,iN HClC3=2e2aAC12Da13De∑0000oo0000由公式 總和液體量 ：υ總i=(ai+biCU,i) 蒸出氣體： l總,i,=(bi+ aiCU,i) 殘余液體： = l總,i－υ總i=V D,i/∑VD,iXD,i= YD,i/ KD,i根據(jù)上面的程序 計算結(jié)果見下表組分iai+biC0 ,i(Kmol/h)i( iV總L總VD,iyD,i xD,iN HClC3=2e2aAC12Da13De∑000000000000 精餾塔（低沸塔）(1)按清晰分割計算(2)由工藝要求給出兩個關(guān)鍵組分 選l為2a ，xW,2a≤1% (mol%) 選h為Ac ，xD,AC≤5% (mol%) (3)泡點進料根據(jù)以上條件 計算 結(jié)算結(jié)果見下圖組分i進料F (kmol/h)塔頂di塔釜wiC3=2e2aAC12Da13De∑0000由上表得,D= W=117844 于是計算結(jié)果如下組分i相對揮發(fā)度a(mol)進料Fi(mol)進料組成xiF(mol%)塔頂di(mol)塔釜wi(mol)塔頂組成Xi,d(mol%)C3=2e2aAC12Da13De∑1/000000回流比的計算:其中:ai －組分i的相對揮發(fā)度 　XiF －進料組分的摩爾組成q －進料的液相分率。對于有c個組分的系數(shù)有c個根,只取aLK?θ?aHK于是．解　得　θ　＝取 R=得 R==理論塔板數(shù)計算最小理論板數(shù)公式: 于是 查吉蘭特圖得 Y=解 得 N=取塔板效率η= 得 N實際=N/=所以 取N實際=30 (塊)進料位置的計算精流段的最小理論塔板數(shù)為NR=NR實際=(塊)所以 取NR實際=39(塊)（高沸塔） 選l為Ac , xW,AC ≤3% (mol%) h為1,2Da, xD,1,2Da≤% (mol%) 最終xD,AC≥98%(1)按照清晰分割計算(2)按照非清晰分割根據(jù)上述條件 計算 計算結(jié)果見下圖組分i進料Fi(mol)塔頂di(mol)塔釜wi(mol)2aAC12Da13De∑00 得 D= W= 于是 計算 計算結(jié)果見下表組分i相對揮發(fā)度a(mol)進料Fi(mol)進料組成xiF(mol%)塔頂di(mol)塔釜wi(mol)(mol)2aAC12Da13De∑1/000回流比的計算因為?2 根據(jù)要求 取=2 取R= R=2= 水洗塔依據(jù)：（為進料丙烯的1/2）。計算：(1）塔底進口氣體量及組成：VD=VD(冷蒸塔)+1/2G總C3= +1/2=；(2）塔頂出口干氣量：VN,干=，HCLVD，粗氯= = kmol/h(3)塔頂出氣帶水量：yN,H2O=vN,H2O/vN=vN,H2O/(vN,干+vN,H2O)= ()=,總 經(jīng)推：vN,H2O= VN,干 [PH2Os/（PN,總 PN，H2Os）](4）15%鹽酸量： W鹽酸=,HClMHCl/= kg/h(5）進塔吸收劑（井水）量： W井水=WH2O+ vN,H2O18= kg/h根據(jù)以上計算塔頂出口氣體組成 水洗塔塔底出口氣體組成組分摩爾流量(kmol/h)摩爾含量(%)摩爾流量(kg/h)N2 HClC2=H2OAC計算得塔頂出口干氣量25℃下水的飽和蒸汽壓:塔頂出氣帶水量15%的鹽酸量: 進塔吸收劑量: 根據(jù)以上公式,計算塔頂出口氣體組成 組分摩爾流量(kmol/h)摩爾含量(%)摩爾流量(kg/h)N2 HClC2=H2O 堿洗塔。氣體(g)：1,2Da:=++ = kcal/= =577 k在355k～：= = R====++w[++] =代入數(shù)據(jù)后得出= kcal/== kcal/h== kcal/h=7500= kcal/h=++=1,3De：,355k～～773 k變化過程是由液體（）變氣體(g)的變化氣體:=++ = kcal/=====++w[++]代入數(shù)據(jù)后得出=+======() = kcal/h=++= kcal/h 計算和丙烯預(yù)熱溫度++++++=0++(355T)+（）+++=0試差法：得T==336℃熱損失為20℃所以T=360℃ 設(shè)備衡算 反應(yīng)器 1．選型：管式絕熱反應(yīng)器 ：ICrI8Ni9Ti 3. 操作條件:(1)~(2) ~ (3）~(1)噴嘴氣速WL={2gP1v2γ[1(P2/P1)(γ1)/γ]/(γ1)}其中γ─絕熱指數(shù)γ=CP/CV，γCl2=, V─進料比容m3/kg,g─m/s2P1─進口壓力kg/cm2,P1─反應(yīng)器壓力kg/cm2,W─m/s (2) 噴嘴截面積 G進口氣體流量kg/s,p1入口壓力，P2反應(yīng)器壓力 F2={2104/()2/()}=104m2(3) 噴嘴直徑d內(nèi)=（4F2/∏）0。9439321。94181000/101325=1050。 Acute (shortterm) inhalation exposure to epichlorohydrin in the workplace has caused irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin of workers. An increased incidence of tumors of the nasal cavity has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. Renal degeneration and CNS depression with paralysis of respiration and cardiac arrest have also resulted from acute inhalation exposure in animals. (13) Tests involving acute exposure of rats, mice and rabbits have demonstrated epichlorohydrin to have high acute toxicity from inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. (4) Chronic Effects (Noncancer): Chronic occupational exposure of humans to epichlorohydrin in air is associated with high levels of respiratory tract illness and hematological effects (decreased hemoglobin concentration and decreased erythrocyte and leukocyte counts). (1,5) Chronic inhalation exposure has been observed to cause pulmonary effects including inflammation and degenerative changes in the nasal epithelia, severe lung congestion, and pneumonia in rats and mice. Mice have exhibited local tumors when exposed by subcutaneous injection. (13,5) EPA has classified epichlorohydrin as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. (2) EPA uses mathematical models, based on human and animal studies, to estimate the probability of a person developing cancer from breathing air containing a specified concentration of a chemical. EPA calculated an inhalation unit risk estimate of 106 (181。g/m3 ( mg/m3) would result in not greater than a oneinten thousand increased chance of developing cancer. For a detailed discussion of confidence in the potency estimates, please see IRIS. (2) EPA has calculated an oral cancer slope factor of x 103 (mg/kg/d)1. (2) Physical PropertiesThe chemical formula for epichlorohydrin is C3H5OCl, and its molecular weight is g/mol. (1,7) Epichlorohydrin is a volatile and flammable clear liquid at room temperature and is insoluble in water. (1,2,7) The threshold for odor percept