新概念第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法匯總(參考版)
2025-06-29 13:30本頁(yè)面
【正文】 t shall not=shan39。llt has not=hasn39。ve has=39。t can not=can39。t was=39。t /a:nt/ do not=don39。re is not=isn39。s I am=I39。 最高級(jí) 比較級(jí) stopstopped e. g. runrunning, sitsitting, getgetting, swimswimming, stopstopping5）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 readreading, half→halves 規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es . sky→skies church→churches 規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾s或+es . radio→radios He gives me a book.（me間接賓語(yǔ)，a book直接賓語(yǔ)） 直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for： 主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋直接賓語(yǔ)＋介詞＋間接賓語(yǔ) Give me a book. = Give the book to me. Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him. Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.1）代詞及be動(dòng)詞 主格 I we you you she/he/it they 賓格 me us you you her/him/it them 代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their 名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is are be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were2）名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 規(guī)則1 一般情況+s . shell→shells4） 直接賓語(yǔ)/間接賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或者是為誰(shuí)做的。倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝eg: He can swim. So can I. I didn39。s have a rest.反意疑問(wèn)：Let39。t stand up.Don39。t e here.Don39?！锟隙ň洌簞?dòng)詞原型Come here, please.Go downstairs, please.Stand up.Sit down.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語(yǔ)，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，放在句首或者句尾：Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.★否定：Don39。t 表示不可能need的用法? 表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：I need a pen.Do you need any beer? No, I don’t.I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done （表示被動(dòng)）The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. 花需要澆水。4）can39。 must have been doing 表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè) must do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè) No, she cannot. Yes, we can. / No, we cannot.★特殊疑問(wèn)句：（必背） What can you do?注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加s。fish（fish）副詞副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。mouse（mice）deer（deer）sheep（sheep）foot（feet） goose（geese） tooth（teeth）child（children）woman（women）fly→flies? 不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式man（men）half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es . sky→skieschurch→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es . potato→potatoes, Negro→Negroes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes，（口訣：黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s, radio→radios規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves . life→lives名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：? 規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s . shell→shells book→books規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es . fox→foxest have much money.名詞 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞：1）不可數(shù)名詞 無(wú)法分開(kāi)的東西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice抽象的東西：love, beauty, coldness不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：不能用a, an修飾；不能加s；和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配。在口語(yǔ)中表示“很多”一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示“很多”用many, much。I have some milk.I don39。t you want have a rest?限定詞：some, any, many, much? some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。t need that pen, do you?5） 否定疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句+否定詞 Aren39。watching TV whilethey were having dinner.★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Was their father watching TV whilet.★ 特殊疑問(wèn)句 What had she done?過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)——表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常用在when, while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中。 Had she finished her homework?★ 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not She hadn39。結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過(guò)去分詞 After she had finished her homework, she went shopping. They had sold the car before I asked the price. The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。 time, etc. 表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用?！ ∽⒁猓河行﹦?dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。） The boy has already read the book. （已經(jīng)知道書(shū)的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。） He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝。t. Yes, they did. / No, they did not.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)
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