新概念第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(參考版)
2024-10-25 22:49本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ■ 定語(yǔ)從句： ■ 表語(yǔ)從句： ■ 狀語(yǔ)從句（ if 引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句）：主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) What will you do if you win a lot of money? If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 十四 . 動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的用法 (詳細(xì)用法請(qǐng)見(jiàn) NECII) 結(jié)構(gòu)： to do, 用法：可以做除謂語(yǔ)以外的所有成分，語(yǔ)法上稱之為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。 ★肯定句 動(dòng)詞原型 例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful. 祈使句中如果有喚語(yǔ)，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，放在句首或者句尾 Come in, Amy. Sit down here, Tom. Mary, give me a book please. ★否定： Don’t+動(dòng)詞原型 Don’t e here. Don’t sit down. Don’t stand up. Don’t give me it. let sb. do Let me pass. Let us have a rest. Let’s have a rest. (反意疑問(wèn) )： Let’s have a walk along the river, shall we? Let us go out for a drink, will you? 十． 倒裝句： so/neither 的倒裝 He can swim. So can I. I didn’t go to class. Neither did I. 結(jié)構(gòu)： so/neither+be+ 主語(yǔ) so/neither+助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) , do, does/am, is, are 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) , am, is, are 一般過(guò)去時(shí) , did 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) , have, has 一般將來(lái)時(shí) , will, shall, 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) ， was, were 過(guò)去完成時(shí)， had 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) , would 十一． 直接引語(yǔ) /間接引語(yǔ) 如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞 ■ 時(shí)態(tài)變化： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) —— 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) —— 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) —— 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) —— 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) —— 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) be going to—— was/were going to/would cancould maymight ■ 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化： here— there, tomorrow— the next day, the following day, this— that? ■ 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。 2． Must/have to 的區(qū)別 must 表示必須，是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做，have to 是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做 must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里，而 have to do 可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài) 3． must, may, might 表示猜測(cè)： ■ must do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè) ■ must have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜測(cè) ■ must have been doing 表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè) ■ may/might do, may/might have done 表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)， might 的可能性更小。 結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were+doing When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor. While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV. 8． 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 結(jié)構(gòu)： would do She said she would go here the next morning. 二、 特殊句型： there be 句型， be going to 結(jié)構(gòu) 1. Be going to 結(jié) 構(gòu) 表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事 ★結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +be 動(dòng)詞 +going to +動(dòng)詞原型 I am going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it. The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter. ★變疑問(wèn)句將 be 動(dòng)詞移到句首 Are you going to make a bookcase? Are they going to paint it? Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter? ★變否定句在 be 動(dòng)詞后面加 not I am not going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it. The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. Yes, he is. No, he is not. ★特殊疑問(wèn)句 What are you going to do? What are they going to do? What is the father going to do? 2. There be 句型 表示哪里有什么東西 (某處有某物 ) ■ There is＋單數(shù)名詞＋表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組） There is a book in this room. There is a pen on the table ■ There are＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組） There are two pens on the table. There are three schools there. ★變疑問(wèn)句將 be 動(dòng)詞移到句首 Is there a book in this room? Are there two pens on the table? ★變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加 not There is not a book in this room. There are not two pens on the table. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, there is. No, t
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