【正文】 tand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful. 祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或者句尾 Come in, Amy. Sit down here, Tom. Mary, give me a book please. ★否定： Don’t+動詞原型 Don’t e here. Don’t sit down. Don’t stand up. Don’t give me it. let sb. do Let me pass. Let us have a rest. Let’s have a rest. (反意疑問 )： Let’s have a walk along the river, shall we? Let us go out for a drink, will you? 十． 倒裝句： so/neither 的倒裝 He can swim. So can I. I didn’t go to class. Neither did I. 結(jié)構(gòu)： so/neither+be+ 主語 so/neither+助動詞 + 主語 so/neither+情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 一般現(xiàn)在時 , do, does/am, is, are 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 , am, is, are 一般過去時 , did 現(xiàn)在完成時 , have, has 一般將來時 , will, shall, 過去進(jìn)行時 ， was, were 過去完成時， had 過去將來時 , would 十一． 直接引語 /間接引語 如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時態(tài)，人稱，時間地點及指示詞 ■ 時態(tài)變化： 一般現(xiàn)在時 —— 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 —— 過去進(jìn)行時 一般過去時 —— 過去完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時 —— 過去完成時 一般將來時 —— 過去將來時 be going to—— was/were going to/would cancould maymight ■ 時間地點及指示詞的變化： here— there, tomorrow— the next day, the following day, this— that? ■ 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。 ■ 定語從句： ■ 表語從句： ■ 狀語從句（ if 引導(dǎo)的真實條件句）：主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時 What will you do if you win a lot of money? If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 十四 . 動詞不定式做賓語及賓語補(bǔ)語的用法 (詳細(xì)用法請見 NECII) 結(jié)構(gòu)： to do, 用法：可以做除謂語以外的所有成分，語法上稱之為非謂語動詞。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)。 2． Must/have to 的區(qū)別 must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to 是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做 must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而 have to do 可以用在任何時態(tài) 3． must, may, might 表示猜測： ■ must do 表示對現(xiàn)在事實的猜測 ■ must have done 表示對過去事實的猜測 ■ must have been doing 表示對過去正在進(jìn)行的事實的猜測 ■ may/might do, may/might have done 表示沒有任何事實依據(jù)的猜測， might 的可能性更小。 結(jié)構(gòu)： had+過去分詞 After she had finished her homework, she went shopping. They had sold the car before I asked the price. The train had left before I arrived at the station. After/before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。 新概念英語 第 一冊語法總結(jié) 一． 時態(tài)： 一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時，一般將來時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去完成時，過去將來時 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時 表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實。 構(gòu)成： 主語＋ be動詞＋動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞＋其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄） We are having lunch. He is reading a book. The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. ★變疑問句將 be 動詞移到句首 Are we having lunch? Is he reading a book? Is the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimming across the river? ★變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 not We are not having lunch. The dog is not running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. ★特殊疑問句： what, which, how, where, who, etc. 疑問詞＋ be 動詞＋主語＋現(xiàn)在分詞 What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing? 沒有進(jìn)行時的動詞 表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動作 1. 表示感覺，感官的詞 see, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, has 當(dāng)”擁有”講時沒有進(jìn)行時 3. 一般過去時 表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件， 常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, 含有 be 動詞的句子， 將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is的過去式為 was， are的過去式為 were I was at the butcher’s. You were a student a year ago. The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. ★變疑問句將 be 動詞移動到句首 Were you at the butcher’s? Were you a student a year ago? Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? ★變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 not I was not at the butcher’s. You were not a stud