【正文】 水利水電工程技術(shù)術(shù)語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)|Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering水利水電工程勘測|SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION FOR HYDROENGINEEERING水利水電工程規(guī)劃|PLANNING OF HUDROENGINEERING水工建筑物|HYDROSTRIRUCTURES水力機(jī)械與電氣設(shè)備|HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQIJIPMENT水利水電工程施工|CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINERING工程測量|Engineering Survey工程測量基礎(chǔ)|Fundamentals of engineering survey坐標(biāo)與高程|Coordinate and elevation 大地水準(zhǔn)面|geoid參考橢球|reference ellipsoid子午面|meridian plane子午線|meridian首子午線|prime meridian磁子午線|magnetic meridian地圖投影|map projection地圖投影變形|distortion of map projection地圖投影變換|map projection transfromation高斯一克呂格投影(高斯投影)|GaussKu ger projection中央子午線|central meridian分帶子午線(分界子午線)|zone dividing meridian高斯投影方向改正(高斯投影曲率改正)|correction for direction in Gauss Projection 高斯投影距離改正(距離改正)|distance correction on Gauss projection子午線收斂角(高斯平面子午線收斂角)|grid convergence坐標(biāo)|coordinate高斯一克呂格坐標(biāo)（高斯坐標(biāo)）|GaussKu ger coordinate大地原點(大地基準(zhǔn)點)|geodetic datum北京坐標(biāo)系|Beijing coordinate system 19541980年國家大地坐標(biāo)系|national coordinate system 1954假定坐標(biāo)系|assumes coordinate system 1980獨立坐標(biāo)系|indepeadent coordinate system方位角|azimuth磁方位角|magnetic azimuth坐標(biāo)方位角|coordinate azimuth高程|elevation絕對高程(高程，海拔高度)|absolute elevation相對高程(假定高程)|relative elevation1956年黃海高程系(黃海高程系)|Huanghai elevation system 19561985年國家高程基準(zhǔn)|national elevation datum 1985誤差與精度|Error and accuracy真值|true value最或然值(最或是值，最可靠值，平差值)|most probable value誤差(真誤差)|error絕對誤差|absolute error相對誤差|relative error偶然誤差(隨機(jī)誤差)|accident error(random error)系統(tǒng)誤差|systematic error中誤差(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差，方根差，均方差)|mean square error(standard error)平均誤差|average error限差(極限誤差，允許誤差，最大誤差)|tolerance測角中誤差|mean square error of angle observation點位中誤差|mean square error of position精度(精密度)|accuracy地球彎曲差|error due to curvature of earth大氣折光差|atmospheric refraction error球氣差|effect of earth curvature and refraction視差|parallax消力池|plunge pool地圖|分幅|Sheet Line system國際分幅| international map subdivision矩形分幅(正方形分幅，自由分幅)|rectangular map subdivision.直角坐標(biāo)網(wǎng)(公里網(wǎng)，方格網(wǎng))|rectangular grid圖號|map numbering 地物和地貌的表示|Representation of planimetric feature and geomorphy圖式|cartographic symbol 圖例|legend地形|land form地物|planimetric feature 地貌|geomorphy地性線(地貌結(jié)構(gòu)線，地貌特征線)|orographic character line山脊線(分水線)|crest line山谷線(集水線，合水線)|valley line等高線|contour等高距(等高線間隔)|contour interval首曲線(基本等高線)|standard contour計曲線(加粗等高線)|index contour間曲線(半距等高線)|halfinterval contour助曲線(1/4等高線)|supplementary Contour示坡線|slope indication line測量儀器|Surveying instrument電磁波測距儀|E1ectromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument(EDMI)電磁波測距儀(物理測距儀)|electromagnetic wave distance measuring instrument(EDMI)光電測距儀(光速測距儀)|electrooptical distance meter(EDM)紅外測距儀(紅外光電測距儀)|infrarad distance meter微波測距儀|microwave distance measuring instrument電子速測儀(全站式電子速測儀，自動電子速測儀)|electronic tacheometer周期誤差|cyclic error幅相誤差|amplitudephase error電磁波測距誤差|error in electromagnetic wave distance measurement水準(zhǔn)儀與經(jīng)緯儀|Leveland theodolite水準(zhǔn)儀(水平儀)|level激光水準(zhǔn)儀|laser level自動安平水準(zhǔn)儀(補(bǔ)償器水準(zhǔn)儀)|automatic level視準(zhǔn)軸(照準(zhǔn)軸)|coolimation axis水準(zhǔn)器分劃值(水準(zhǔn)器角值，水準(zhǔn)器格值)|scale value of level經(jīng)緯儀|theodolite激光經(jīng)緯儀|laser theodolite三軸誤差|error of threeaxix垂直度盤指標(biāo)差(指標(biāo)差，豎盤指標(biāo)差)|index error of vertical circle 變形觀測設(shè)備|Instrument of deformation observation激光準(zhǔn)直儀|laser collimator真空管道激光準(zhǔn)直系統(tǒng)|laser alignment system with airless pipe液體靜力水準(zhǔn)儀(水管式測斜儀)|hydrostatic leveling instrument垂線觀測坐標(biāo)儀(垂線觀測儀)|coordinatograph for plummet observation其他儀器與器件|Instrument and device other types平板儀|planetable直角坐標(biāo)儀(坐標(biāo)展點儀，坐標(biāo)儀，展點儀)|coodinatograph曲線儀(里程計)|curvimeter坐標(biāo)格網(wǎng)尺(方眼尺)|coordinate grid scale因瓦基線尺|invar tape橫基尺(基線橫尺，夾角尺)|subtense bar覘牌|target活動覘牌|moving target工程測量|Engineering survey平面控制測量|Horizontal control survey基本平面控制|basic horizontal control圖根控制(測圖控制，地形控制)|mapping control三角鎖|triangulation chain三角網(wǎng)|triangulation network三角測量|triangulation三邊測量|trilateration傳距邊(求距邊)|side for transferring length傳距角(求距角)|angle for transferring length導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)|traverse network閉合導(dǎo)線(環(huán)形導(dǎo)線，回歸導(dǎo)線)|closed traverse附合導(dǎo)線|connecting traverse導(dǎo)線測量|traverse survey大地控制點(大地點)|geodetic control point三角點|triangulation point導(dǎo)線點|traverse point圖根點(圖根控制點，地形控制點)|mapping control point測量標(biāo)志|survey mark測量覘標(biāo)|observation rover標(biāo)石|markstone視差法測距(基線橫尺視差法)|subtense method with horizontal staff視差角|parallactic angle方向觀測法|method of direction observation歸零差(半測回歸零差)|rnisciosure of round二倍照準(zhǔn)差互差(2c互差，2c較差)|discrepancy between twice collimation errors測回互差(測回差)|discrepancy between observation sets施工控制網(wǎng)|construction control network施工坐標(biāo)系(建筑坐標(biāo)系)|construction coordinate system變形觀測控制網(wǎng)(監(jiān)測網(wǎng))|control network for deformation observation邊角網(wǎng)(邊角同測網(wǎng))|bined network of triangulation and trilateration直伸三角網(wǎng)|straight triangulation network秩虧自由網(wǎng)(秩虧網(wǎng))|free network with rank deficiency高程控制測量|Vertical control survey基本高程控制|basic vertical control水準(zhǔn)測量|leveling跨河水準(zhǔn)測量|fivercrossing leveling加密高程控制|minor vertical control三角高程測量(間接高程測量)|trigonometric leveling三角高程路線(三角高程導(dǎo)線，多角高程導(dǎo)線)|trigonometric leveling line水準(zhǔn)路線|leveling line水準(zhǔn)點|bench mark測量平差|Adjustment of measurement測量平差|adjustment of measurement嚴(yán)密平差|rigorous adjustment近似平差|approxi mate adjustment直接平差(直接觀測平差)|adjustment of direct observations間接平差(間接觀測平差)|adjustment of observation equations條件平差(條件觀測平差)|adjustment of condition equations滿秩平差|full rank adjustment秩虧平差(秩虧自由網(wǎng)平差)|rank deficiency adjustment擬穩(wěn)平差|quasistable adjustment結(jié)點平差|adjustment of junction points三角鎖網(wǎng)平差|adjustment of network of triangnlation chains導(dǎo)線網(wǎng)平差|adjustment of traverse network水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)平差|adjustment of leveling network地形測量|Topographic survey地形測量|topographic survey自紙測圖|blank paper mapping實測放大圖|surveyed amplification map碎部點(地形特征點)|detail point匯水面積測量(承雨面積測量)|catchment area survey水下地形測量|underground topographic survey水庫測量|reservoir survey水庫淤積測量|reservoir accretion survey斷面測量|section survey河道測量|river survey地質(zhì)點測量|geololgical point survey鉆孔位置測量|borehole position survey