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從交際翻譯理論看公示語的漢譯英碩士學位論文(參考版)

2025-06-24 22:20本頁面
  

【正文】 (2) Authoritative statements. Typical authoritative statements are political speeches, documents etc. Such texts have the personal ‘stamp’ of their authors, although they are denotative, not connotative. (3) Autobiography, essays, personal correspondence. These are expressive when they are personal effusions, when the readers are of a remote background.When translating this type of texts, the translator should be able to distinguish the personal ponents characterized as ‘personal dialect’ rather than normalize them in the target texts.Secondly, The core of the informative function of language is external situation, the facts of a topic, reality outside language, including reported ideas or theories (ibid:40). Typical informative texts are concerned with any topic of knowledge, but texts about literary subjects, as they often express valuejudgments, are apt to lean towards ‘expressiveness’. This type of texts include a textbook, a technical report, an article in a newspaper or a periodical, a scientific paper, a thesis, minutes or agenda of a meeting. A successful translation of this kind of text is to transfer the message efficiently and keep the naturalness of the grammatical form of the target language. Newmark points out that ‘informative’ texts constitute the vast majority of the staff translator’s work in international organizations, multinationals, private panies and translation agencies. And a high proportion of such texts are poorly written and sometimes inaccurate, and it is usually the translator’s job to ‘correct’ their facts and their style.Last, the vocative function is readercentered. The core of the vocative functions of language is the readership, the addressee (Newmark, 2001a:41). These texts must be written in a language that is immediately prehensible to the readership. Newmark further explains that he use the term ‘vocative’ in the sense of ‘calling upon’ the readership to act, think or feel, in fact to ‘react’ in the way intended by the text. This function of language has been given many other names, including ‘conative’ (denoting effort), ‘instrumental’, ‘operative’ and ‘pragmatic’ (in the sense of used to produce a certain effect on the readership). Typical vocative texts include notices, instructions, publicity, propaganda, persuasive writing and popular fiction. This type of texts provokes the readership to react other than conveying information. So the translator’s main task is to transfer the message of the original text to evoke the reader’s response substantially equivalent to that experienced by the original reader.Besides the three main types of texts discussed above, Newmark also introduces Jakoson’s three functions of language: the aesthetic, the phatic and the metalingual.The aesthetic function is designed to please the senses, firstly through its actual or imagined sound, and secondly through its metaphors.The phatic function is used for maintaining friendly contact with the addressee rather than for imparting foreign information.The metalingual function indicates a language’s ability to explain, name, and criticize its own features.Newmark also indicates that whilst the preceding four functions may operate throughout a text, the phatic and the metalingual are normally involved in only part of a text (Newmark, 2001a:43).In brief, Newmark’s classification of texttypes has great significance in translation practice. However, the classification of texttypes does not imply that the text a certain type is only allowed to have on language function correspondingly. On the contrary, most texts include all three functions, in addition to the dominant one. Different types of text require different translation strategies. As a result, Newmark proposes his own methods of translation, which will be discussed at length in next section. Communicative Translation (CT) and Semantic Translation (ST)According to Newmark, “Translation theory’s main concern is to determine appropriate translation methods for the widest possible range of texts or textcategories”.(Newmark, 2001a:19) Therefore, in his work Approaches to Translation published in 1981, Newmark proposes municative translation (CT) and semantic translation (ST) which have already been acknowledged as the milestone in the hist。 Thirdly, an art, which distinguishes good from undistinguished writing and it is the creative, the intuitive, sometimes the inspired level of the translation。 he is always pursuing facts and words. He works on four levels: translation is first a science, which entails the knowledge and verification of the facts and the language that describes them. Here, what is wrong, and mistakes of truth can be identified。 the researches overlapped on certain topics such as the translation of the names of roads and streets, the translation of public signs in some scenic spots. Therefore, relevant theories in translation studies and in other disciplines should be adopted to shed light on the translation of public signs. Research Method and Data CollectionThis thesis adopts a parative analytical casestudy method to identify the errors that occur in the translation of public signs. The subjects of this research are the Chinese public signs and their English translation. Most examples are collected from papers published by other scholars in periodicals of translation studies such as Chinese Translator Journal, Shanghai Journal of Translators, Journal of Foreign Languages, and the like。 ST and Hybrid Texts 21 Summary 21Chapter Three Generalization of Public Signs 22 Definition of Public Signs 22 Functions of Public Signs 25 Directing 25 Prompting 25 Restricting 26 Compelling 27 Classification of Public Signs 27 From the Perspective of Information State 28 From the Perspective of Social Application 28 Traffic Signs 29 Road Signs 29 Signs at Scenic Spots 29 Names of Institutions and Shops 30 Signs for Shoppi
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