【正文】 如果有足夠的可用空間，成形和沖裁操作可以在同一模具上完成。其他的特殊模具使特殊的連接部件直接定位在壓力機上。因此，例如，使用翻邊模幾個金屬部件組合在一起能積極通過某些區(qū)域的彎曲（如圖4，1，4和對比圖2，1，34）。按規(guī)定，這些模具是單獨使用的。由于其幾何尺寸而不能用一個金屬條料生產(chǎn)出來的沖壓金屬零件選擇性地在轉(zhuǎn)移設(shè)置上生產(chǎn)。然而，工件還是與載體相連一直到最后一步操作（）。 較小的成形部件使用復(fù)合級進模通過幾個連續(xù)的操作即可完成后生產(chǎn)。在最后一個工位，即最后一道工序，已成形的部分于載體斷開。移動的長度等于模具間中心線的距離，它也被稱為步距。工件一直固定在載體上，直到最后一次操作。鈑金是以金屬圈或金屬條的形式送進的。在大板料轉(zhuǎn)換沖壓線上，最大的多工位轉(zhuǎn)換模要與單工序模具配合使用（）。金屬板料的送進主要以機械手運送的方式，也可以人工地從一個模具運到另一個模具。多工位轉(zhuǎn)換模是用于小型和中型零件的大批量生產(chǎn)（）。部件從一個成形點到另一個成形點的運輸是機械化地執(zhí)行的。（）。適當?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)移系統(tǒng)，例如真空抽吸系統(tǒng)，可以使雙動模安裝在一個足夠大的安裝面上。大型鈑金零件的生產(chǎn)幾乎完全采用單套模具來實現(xiàn)的。其后果是成本較高、產(chǎn)量下降和可靠性較低。通過部件設(shè)計部和生產(chǎn)部之間的緊密合作促使幾個成形和有關(guān)的沖裁過程能在一個成形操作中完成，如此一來，僅僅在設(shè)計階段就可以大大地簡化部件。在這個計劃中，應(yīng)該對機器的可利用性、零件的計劃生產(chǎn)量和其他限制條件予以考慮。一個操作也可以同時完成幾個過程。由于零件的復(fù)雜性，往往不是只進行一次操作就能成形的。generally speaking no actual forming operation takes sheet metal is fed from a coil or in the form of metal an appropriate arrangement of the blanks within the available width of the sheet metal,an optimal material usage is ensured( to ). The workpiece remains fixed to the strip skeleton up until the la Transfer die set for the production of anautomatictransmission for an automotive applicationst parts are transferred when the entire strip is shifted further in the work flow direction after the blanking length of the shift is equal to the center line spacing of the dies and it is also called the step shears,very precise feeding devices or pilot pins ensure feedrelated part the final production operation,the finished part, last part in the sequence,is disconnected from the field of application for progressive blanking tools is,for example,in the production of metal rotors or stator blanks for electric motors( and ). In progressive pound dies smaller formed parts are produced in several sequential contrast to progressive dies,not only blanking but also forming operations are , the workpiece also remains in the skeleton up to the last operation( and ).Due to the height of the parts,the metal strip must be raised up,generally using lifting edges or similar lifting devices in order to allow the strip metal to be transported metal parts which cannot be produced within a metal strip because of their geometrical dimensions are alternatively produced on transfer sets. Reinforcing part of a car produced in a strip by a pound die setNext to the dies already mentioned,a series of special dies are available for special individual dies are,as a rule,used operations make it possible,however,for special dies to be integrated into an operational ,for example,in flanging dies several metal parts can be joined together positively through the bending of certain metal sections( ).During this operation reinforcing parts,glue or other ponents can be introduced. Other special dies locate special connecting elements directly into the and positioning elements,for example,bring stamping nuts synchronised with the press cycles into the correct position so that the punch heads can join them with the sheet metal part().If there is sufficient space available,forming and blanking operations can be carried out on the same die. Further examples include bending,collarforming,stamping,fine blanking,wobble blanking and welding operations( ). A hemming die A pressed part with an integrated punched nut Die development Traditionally the business of die engineering has been influenced by the automotive following observations about the die development are mostly related to body panel die statements are,however,made in a fundamental context,so that they are applicable to all areas involved with the production of sheetmetal forming and blanking dies.Timing cycle for a mass produced car body panel Until the end of the 1980s some car models were still being produced for six to eight years more or less unchanged or in slightly modified ,however,production time cycles are set for only five years or less().Following the new different model policy,the demands ondie makers have also changed contracts of much greater scope such as Simultaneous Engineering(SE)contracts are being increasingly a result,the die maker is often involved at the initial development phase of the metal part as well as in the planning phase for the production ,a much broader involvement is established well before the actual die development is initiated. Time schedule for a mass produced car body panelThe timetable of an SE project Within the context of the production process for car body panels,only a minimal amount of time is allocated to allow for the manufacture of the large scale dies there is a runup period of about 10 months in which design and die tryout are plex SE projects,which have to be pleted in to 2 years,parallel tasks must be carried ,additional resources must be provided before and after delivery of the short periods call for precise planning,specific knowhow,available capacity and the use of the latest technological and munications timetable shows the individual activities during the manufacturing of the dies for the production of the sheet metal parts().The time phases for large scale dies are more or less similar so that this timetable can be considered to be valid in general.Data record and part drawing The data record and the part drawing serve as the basis for all subsequent processing describe all the details of the parts to be produced. The information given in the Timetable for an SE projectpart drawing includes: part identification,part numbering,sheet metal thickness,sheet metal quality,tolerances of the finished part etc.(). To avoid the production of physical models(master patterns),the CAD data should describe the geometry of the part pletely by means of line,surface or volume a general rule,high quality surface data with a pletely filleted and closed surface geometry must be made available to all the participants in a project as early as possible.Process plan and draw development The process plan,which means the operati