【正文】 land features 地形學和陸地特點_ Possible Sources 可能的來源_ Commercial mapping panies 商業(yè)性的繪制單位_ Census Bureau TIGER Maps 人口普查局TIGER地圖_ Local / State / Federal Government Agencies 地方/州/ 聯(lián)邦政府機構_ Previous projects and studies 先前的工程和研討_ Highway construction firms 高速路建設公司_ Highway engineering firms 高速路工程公司Construction Drawings 建筑圖紙_ Possible Types of Information 可能的信息類型_ Topographic data 地形學的數(shù)據(jù)_ Survey of cross section data 橫截面數(shù)據(jù)的調(diào)查_ Data on structures such as bridges 結構(如橋梁)上的數(shù)據(jù)_ Survey benchmarks 調(diào)查基準_ Sources 來源_ Local / State / Federal Government Agencies 地方/州/聯(lián)邦的政府機構_ Railroad panies 鐵路公司_ Highway construction firms 高速路建筑公司_ Highway engineering firms 高速路工程公司93Stream Gage Data 河流計量數(shù)據(jù)_ Possible Types of Information 可能的信息類型_ Flow rates 流動速度_ Data on previous flooding 先前洪水數(shù)據(jù)_ Channel rating curves 河渠流量特性曲線_ Sources 來源_ Local / State / Federal Government Agencies 地方/州/聯(lián)邦的政府機構Personal Observations from Local Residents 來自當?shù)鼐用竦膫€人觀察_ Possible Types of Information 可能的信息類型_ Data on previous flooding 先前洪水數(shù)據(jù)_ Sources 來源_ Local / State / Federal Government Agencies 地方/州/聯(lián)邦的政府機構_ Newspapers 報紙_ Personal interviews 個人訪問_ Insurance agents 擔保機構94Planning a Survey 計劃一個調(diào)查_ Measure channel stationing on a good map or aerial photo在一張好的地圖或空中攝影中測量河渠的位置_ Locate structures and confluences 給結構和匯流定位_ Prepare preliminary stream profile 準備初級的河流剖面_ Prepare preliminary floodplain map 準備初級的漫灘地圖_ Locate survey benchmarks 給調(diào)查基準定位_ Channel field reconnaissance 河渠區(qū)域的勘測_ Prepare preliminary cross section layout map 準備初級的橫截面規(guī)劃地圖_ Meet with survey manager or survey party chief 會見調(diào)查管理人員或小組組長Required Survey Information 需要的調(diào)查信息_ Control Cross Sections 控制橫截面_ Road crossings 街道的交叉口處_ Channel structures 河渠結構_ Confluences 匯流_ Other special features 其他的特征95Required Survey Information需要的調(diào)查信息_ Valley Cross Sections 山谷橫截面_ Changes in cross sectional area 在橫截面出的改變_ Changes in slope of stream bed 河床斜坡的改變_ Restrictions in channel or floodplain 在河渠或漫灘處的限制_ Changes in roughness coefficients 粗糙系數(shù)的變化_ At maximum intervals for study (500 to 2000 feet) 研討的最大間距(500到2000英尺)Uniform Conditions Through Entire Bridge Area 整體橋梁地區(qū)的統(tǒng)一條件Bridge 橋梁Approach 方法Contraction Region 收縮地區(qū)Expansion Region 擴張地區(qū)Ineffective Flow Area 無效的流動區(qū)域97Other Bridge Survey Data 其他的橋梁調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)_ Top of road profile 道路頂端的剖面_ Channel station or bridge centerline 河渠的位置和橋梁的中心線_ Bridge dimensions 橋梁的尺寸_ Skew angle 傾斜角_ Pier Bents: Number of bents, piers per bent，bent spacing, and orientation橋墩的排架：排架數(shù)量，每個排架的橋墩，排架空間和方向_ Piers: Sizes, numbers, and shapes 橋墩：尺寸，數(shù)量，和外形Defining the Bridge Deck for Bridges with Solid Rails 為帶有堅固圍欄的橋梁定義覆蓋物Natural Ground Profile 自然的地面剖面Bridge Low Chord 橋梁下弦Actual Top of Roadway 道路實際的頂端Ineffective Top of Roadway 道路無效的頂端Solid Bridge Railing 堅固的橋梁圍欄98Defining the Bridge Deck for Bridges with Open Rails 為帶有敞開圍欄的橋定義橋的覆蓋物Natural Ground Profile 自然的地面剖面Actual Top of Roadway 路面的實際頂端Ineffective Top of Roadway 道路的無效頂端Open Bridge Railing 敞開的橋的圍欄Top of Curb 圍欄的頂端Bridge Low Chord 橋梁下弦Culvert Survey Data 排水渠調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)_ Channel stations of culvert centerline 排水渠中心線的河渠位置_ Number of culverts 排水渠數(shù)量_ Size and shape of culverts 排水渠的尺寸和形狀_ Culvert lengths 排水渠的長度_ Downstream and upstream invert elevations 上下游的轉化海拔_ Types of inlets and outlets 入水口和出水口類型_ Depth of accumulated silt 積累的淤泥的深度99Weirs and Drop Structures 堰壩和陡坡結構_ Channel station of structure 結構的河渠位置_ Elevation of weir crest 堰壩頂端海拔_ Length of weir or weir profile for BT records 壩的長度或剖面的BT記錄_ Shape of weir 壩的形狀_ Trapezoidal 梯形的_ Ogee S形的_ Rectangular 矩形的_ etc .等等Slope Paving 鋪斜坡_ Beginning and ending channel stations 河渠的起始和結束位置_ Type of paving (concrete, riprap, gabions, etc.) 鋪的類型（水泥的，？？？，格賓等）_ Vertical extent of paving 鋪設的垂直延伸_ Condition of paving 鋪設的條件100Confluences 匯流_ Channel Station of Stream Confluence 河流匯流的河渠位置_ Dimensions and Condition of Tributary Channel 支流河渠的尺寸和條件_ Major Storm Sewer Outfalls 主要的暴風雪排水溝的排水口_ Channel station 河渠位置_ Dimensions of storm sewer pipe 暴風雪排水管的尺寸_ Invert elevation of storm sewer pipe 轉化的排水管的海拔。Geometric Editor 幾何編輯器Ctrl Right Click allows you to measure a line [ Ctrl] 加單擊右鍵允許你測量線的長度Horizontal Roughness 水平的粗糙程度Manning Roughness Values 配置粗糙值Horizontal Roughness Subareas 水平粗糙分區(qū)Other Cross Section Related Data 其他橫截面相關數(shù)據(jù)Add or subtract a constant to the stations or elevations 給位置或海拔加上或減去一個常量Scale up or down the left overbank, channel, and right overbank stationing逐步增加或降低左側河灘，河渠，和右側河灘配置62Other Cross Section Data 其他的橫截面數(shù)據(jù)_ Flow Length and Overbank Stations 流動長度和河灘位置_ Ineffective Flow Area 無效的流動區(qū)域_ Levee (not in HEC2) 防洪堤（不在HEC2中） _ Obstructions (not in HEC2) 阻礙物（不在HEC2中）w _ Profile Adjustment 剖面調(diào)整Defining Flow Lengths 定義流動長度_ Channel Flow Length 河渠流動長度_ Left and Right Overbank Flow Lengths 作用河灘流動長度_ May change with increased flooding 可能隨著增加的洪水改變63Defining Flow Lengths (Low Flow) 定義流動長度（低的流動）Defining Flow Lengths (High Flow) 定義流動長度（高的流動）64Multiple Horizontal Roughness 多重的水平崎嶇SubSections 下列部分Stationn4n5n6n7n3n2n1X1X2X3X4X5X6X7Elevation Vertical Roughness 海拔 垂直崎嶇65Ineffective Flow Area (HEC2 style) 無效流動區(qū)域（HEC2樣式）_ Define a left and right ineffective flow (encroachment) station定義一個左右無效流動（侵蝕）位置_ Does not change wetted perimeteruses ground geometry for wetted perimeter不要改變侵潤周邊—利用地面幾何學_ Once WSEL overtops, then area bees effective again (considers this flow area)一旦WSEL高出，這個區(qū)域就恢復有效（考慮這個流動區(qū)域）_ Otherwise, mark as “Permanent” and ineffective area is never considered available for flow否則標明“永久”，無效區(qū)域從不會被看成可得到流動Ineffective Flow Area (HEC2 style) 無