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s tallest building. Stressedskin tube system. The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance to lateral forces (wind or earthquake) and the control of drift (lateral building movement) in highrise building. The stressedskin tube takes the tube system a step further. The development of the stressedskin tube utilizes the facade of the building as a structural element which acts with the framed tube, thus providing an efficient way of resisting lateral loads in highrise buildings, and resulting in costeffective columnfree interior space with a high ratio of to gross floor area. Because of the contribution of the stressedskin facade, the framed members of the tube require less mass, and are thus lighter and less expensive. All the typical columns and spandrel beams are standard rolled shapes, minimizing the use and cost of special builtup members. The depth requirement for the perimeter spandrel beams is also reduced, and the need for upset beams above floors, which would encroach on valuable space, is minimized. The structural system has been used on the 54story One Mellon Bank Center in Pittsburgh. Systems in concrete. While tall buildings constructed of steel had an early start, development of tall buildings of reinforced concrete progressed at a fast enough rate to provide a petitive challenge to structural steel systems for both office and apartment buildings. Plain concrete is formed from a hardened mixture of cement ,water ,fine aggregate, coarse aggregate (crushed stone or gravel),air, and often other admixtures. The plastic mix is placed and consolidated in the formwork, then cured to facilitate the acceleration of the chemical hydration reaction lf the cement/water mix, resulting in hardened concrete. The finished product has high pressive strength, and low resistance to tension, such that its tensile strength is approximately one tenth lf its pressive strength. Consequently, tensile and shear reinforcement in the tensile regions of sections has to be provided to pensate for the weak tension regions in the reinforced concrete element. It is this deviation in the position of a reinforces concrete section from the homogeneity of standard wood or steel sections that requires a modified approach to the basic principles of structural design. The two ponents of the heterogeneous reinforced concrete section are to be so arranged and proportioned that optimal use is made of the materials involved. This is possible because concrete can easily be given any desired shape by placing and pacting the wet mixture of the constituent ingredients are properly proportioned, the finished product bees strong, durable, and, in bination with the reinforcing bars, adaptable for use as main members of any structural system. The techniques necessary for placing concrete depend on the type of member to be cast: that is, whether it is a column, a bean, a wall, a slab, a foundation. a mass columns, or an extension of previously placed and hardened concrete. For beams, columns, and walls, the forms should be well oiled after cleaning them, and the reinforcement should be cleared of rust and other harmful materials. In foundations, the earth should be pacted and thoroughly moistened to about 6 in. in depth to avoid absorption of the moisture pr。對(duì)推廣新技術(shù)新工藝做出貢獻(xiàn)的人員,由公司給予表彰和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),用激勵(lì)手段確保新技術(shù)、新工藝應(yīng)用 。 管理措施:制定新技術(shù)、新工藝的管理措施,落實(shí)項(xiàng)目部工程技術(shù)人員的責(zé)任,并進(jìn)行評(píng)比和考核。 技術(shù)管理措施:依據(jù)在 本工程擬推廣的新技術(shù)、新工藝內(nèi)容,有針對(duì)性的編制工藝方案和質(zhì)量控制對(duì)策措施。為了使新技術(shù)、新工藝的推廣和應(yīng)用在工程上進(jìn)一步得到落實(shí),采取以下措施: 加強(qiáng)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo):公司總部相關(guān)部門(mén)應(yīng)積極協(xié)助項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部做好新技術(shù)、新工藝在本工程上的應(yīng)用工作,加強(qiáng)服務(wù)和控制,同時(shí)成立新技術(shù)、新工藝應(yīng)用領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組。 材料投入計(jì)劃詳見(jiàn)表 82 表 82 各材料用量表 工程名稱:南水北調(diào) 東線一期工程 標(biāo)段:三 第 1 頁(yè) 共 1 頁(yè) 序號(hào) 名稱 單位 總消耗量 3 水泥 t 4 普通硅酸鹽水泥 t 5 混凝土預(yù)制塊 m3 6 碎磚 m3 7 石粉 m3 8 天然砂石 m3 9 中粗砂 m3 10 黃砂 m3 12 碎石 m3 18 石屑 m3 19 塊石 m3 20 毛石 m3 21 砼天溝 .挑檐板 (成品 ) m3 10 22 水 m3 93 9 人力資源配置 工時(shí)按照工程實(shí)際需要專(zhuān)業(yè)施工管理和操作人員設(shè)置調(diào)整專(zhuān)業(yè)施工隊(duì)伍,保證工序?qū)I(yè)化施工質(zhì)量 , 各工種人員按施工需要進(jìn)行分階段進(jìn)入場(chǎng)地 。 91 8 施工機(jī)械配備和材料投入計(jì)劃 施工機(jī)械配備按工程所需進(jìn)行提前準(zhǔn)備,并按要求準(zhǔn)時(shí)到場(chǎng),必須滿足質(zhì)量和進(jìn)度要求 詳見(jiàn)表 81 擬投入的主要施工設(shè)備 表 81 擬投入的主要施工設(shè)備 工程名稱:南水北調(diào) 東線一期工程 標(biāo)段:三 第 1 頁(yè) 共 1 頁(yè) 設(shè)備名稱 型號(hào)及規(guī) 格 量 制造廠名 購(gòu)置年份 已使用臺(tái)時(shí)數(shù) 檢修情況 履帶式推土機(jī) 75kW 3 黃河 2020 2020 良好 輪胎式裝載機(jī) 2 3 二汽 2020 8000 良好 履帶式單斗挖掘機(jī) (液壓 ) 1 2 萊陽(yáng) 2020 7100 良好 電動(dòng)夯實(shí)機(jī) 2062Nm 4 萊陽(yáng) 2020 4210 良好 履帶式起重機(jī) 5t 2 柳工 2020 3110 良好 輪胎式起重機(jī) 20t 2 黃工 2020 2430 良好 機(jī)動(dòng)翻斗車(chē) 1t 5 天津 2020 2020 良好 雙錐反轉(zhuǎn)出料砼攪拌機(jī) 350L 4 無(wú)錫 2020 2700 良好 灰漿攪拌機(jī) 200L 1 西安 2020 4560 良好 砼攪拌運(yùn)輸車(chē) 3 4 西安 2020 3210 良好 砼輸送泵 30 /h 6 西安 2020 4000 良好 多合土廠拌設(shè)備 250t/h 2 鄭州 2020 4200 良好 砼振搗器 (平板式 ) 10 西安 2020 1500 良好 交流電焊機(jī) 30kVA 2 二汽 2020 2700 良好 光輪壓路機(jī) 1215t 2 二汽 2020 1300 良好 92 材料投入計(jì)劃 工程主要材料供應(yīng)按施工進(jìn)度進(jìn)行分批分量計(jì)劃供應(yīng),管材、鋼筋、水泥、瀝青、碎石等主材及所有設(shè)備的選用應(yīng)先征 得業(yè)主同意,進(jìn)行材料進(jìn)場(chǎng)前檢驗(yàn)、試驗(yàn),合格后材料才能進(jìn)場(chǎng),材料進(jìn)場(chǎng)必須附生產(chǎn)廠家的出廠合格證、試驗(yàn)報(bào)告或材質(zhì)證明。 安全部負(fù)責(zé)人 孟曉瑞 落實(shí)各項(xiàng)安全制度,防止一切 不安全事故發(fā)生,搞好文明工地宣傳工作。 材料負(fù)責(zé)人 金建軍 按照技術(shù)交底組織安排材料的購(gòu)置、進(jìn)場(chǎng)。 工長(zhǎng) 王惠忠 全盤(pán)負(fù)責(zé)工程技術(shù)工作,制定科學(xué)合理的施工方案。 詳見(jiàn)表 71 表 71 項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部組成人員 工程名稱:南水北調(diào) 東線一期工程 標(biāo)段:三 第 1 頁(yè) 共 1 頁(yè) 崗 位 姓 名 職 責(zé) 項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理 林平 對(duì)工程全盤(pán)負(fù)責(zé),對(duì)工程質(zhì)量、工期、成本進(jìn)行總體控制。每個(gè)工區(qū)設(shè)工長(zhǎng)一名,負(fù)責(zé)本工區(qū)內(nèi)所有工作,對(duì)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部負(fù)責(zé)。常溫季節(jié)嚴(yán)禁使用干磚砌筑,砌筑前應(yīng)將磚浸透,使砌筑時(shí)粘土磚的含水 率達(dá)到 10%15%不能有干心現(xiàn)象。 ( 8) 閘井及泄水池工程 閘井及泄水池砌筑過(guò)程中要保證砂漿的和易性,拌制砂漿時(shí)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行施工技術(shù)規(guī)程,按設(shè)計(jì)配合比拌制砂漿,每次拌制量應(yīng)根據(jù)砌筑量決定,盡量做到隨拌隨用,少量?jī)?chǔ)存,拌制好的砂漿應(yīng)在 34 小時(shí)內(nèi)使用,嚴(yán)禁隔日使用。開(kāi)泵前,先打開(kāi)末端給水栓,為了排氣還應(yīng)打開(kāi)管網(wǎng)中地形最高部位的給水栓,當(dāng)充水后,先關(guān)閉管網(wǎng)中部的給水栓并緩慢調(diào)節(jié)末端給水栓的開(kāi)關(guān),檢查管中的所有接頭、管道、管件、閥門(mén)有無(wú)滲水、漏水、破裂等現(xiàn) 象,如有以上情況做出標(biāo)記,停水后進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)。用木夯夯實(shí),然后分層回填、夯實(shí),每層填土高度不大于 20cm,直至略高出地面為止。 ( 6) 管道 回填 管道安裝完畢先用細(xì)粒土在每節(jié)管子的中部填一部分土(約溝深的 1/3)以免管子受內(nèi)水壓力時(shí)扭曲變形,待管道試水合格后進(jìn)行全面回填。 ( 4) 管件安裝 管件與管道連接采用承插法銜接,安裝前,首先對(duì)地基進(jìn)行處理,在管件處鋪墊20cm厚的灰土層,以免產(chǎn)生不均勻沉降,立管,管子與聯(lián)通插接頭處抹 1: 1 水泥砂漿,中間縫隙用 1: 2 水泥砂漿加麻布填充嚴(yán)密,表層用 1: 3 水泥砂漿抹光。具體方法是將管子的一端 510cm 插入已預(yù)熱的油鍋中(油溫 110130℃), 36 秒后迅速抽出,再與另一端涂有 601 膠的 子口承插,并使搭接長(zhǎng)度達(dá)到 倍的外徑。開(kāi)挖時(shí)隨時(shí)用水