何時用不定式何時用分詞和動名詞(參考版)
2025-05-16 22:57本頁面
【正文】 She did some shopping last Sunday.位于would rather , had better , why (not)之后的不定式省略TO；We will go fishing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. a)作時間狀語（相當時間狀語從句），如： Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (=After he had finished his homework, ．．．) (When) heated, ice will turn into water. (=When it is heated, ．．．) b)作原因狀語（相當原因狀語從句），如： Being a Party member, I should take the lead. (=As I am a Party member, ．．．) Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, he made up his mind to work even harder. (=Because he was greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, ．．．) c)作方式、伴隨或附加說明狀語，如： Filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised himself pletely. He stood there waiting for a bus. Here for the four very difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking. d)作條件狀語（相當條件狀語從句），如： Given some more time, she will do work even better. (= If she is given some more time, ．．．) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. (=If you play all day, ．．． ) e) 作結(jié)果狀語，如： He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 有時在表示結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在分詞之前還可加only,表示預料之中的情況，如： He went to see him last night only finding him studying. He was always working hard! f) 作程度狀語，如： The wind rose and it became freezing cold. g)作目的狀語，如： Yesterday she went shopping with his classmates. h) 作讓步狀語（相當于讓步狀語從句），如： Though warned of the danger, the children went on skating on the thin ice.(=Though they were warned of the danger, ．．．) 要點提示：分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，如果分詞表示的是主動、進行的動作，則用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語；如果分詞表示的是被動、完成的動作或狀態(tài)，則用過去分詞作狀語，如： Following the old man, he stepped into the room. Followed by the old man, he stepped into the room. Greatly interested ,I asked how he played these new works. ⑹ 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作獨立成分時的比較 A．不定式作獨立成分，表示不定式獨立于句子的其他成分，是英語表達的一種方式，不常用，如： To tell you the truth, I am almost freezing. To be honest, I don’t like being left alone at home. B．現(xiàn)在分詞作獨立成分，用來表示說話人的態(tài)度或看問題的角度，如： Generally speaking, boys are physically stronger than girls. Judging from his accent ,he must be an American.動詞不定式可以表示目的，也可以表示將來的情況現(xiàn)在分詞，是現(xiàn)在的情況，或者同時發(fā)生的情況過去分詞，同理啦，表示的是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的狀態(tài)在“go + ing形式（運動名稱）”和“ do some + ing形式”這類固定短語中。尤其要注意的是，此時作修飾表語形容詞狀語的不定式常用主動形式，表示被動的含義。如： To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil. c)作修飾動詞的結(jié)果狀語。如： The whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn of Premier Zhou Enlai’s death. He laughed to think of his stupid son. b)作修飾動詞的目的狀語。如： I often heard him sing English songs. I heard him singing English songs. I often heard English songs sung by him. ⑸不定式、分詞作狀語時的比較 ，表示原因、目的和結(jié)果。正確的譯文應(yīng)是：“ My farther wishes (expects) me to be an engineer in the future.”；或“ My farther hopes that I will be an engineer in the future
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