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何時用不定式何時用分詞和動名詞-展示頁

2025-05-22 22:57本頁面
  

【正文】 his English. ②He doesn’t like being laughed at. ③I enjoy singing English songs . 辨析:①一般說來,不定式與動名詞做主語可以互換,其意義沒有多大的差別,但認(rèn)真分析起來,它們之間還是有一些差異的: a )不定式做主語,一般表示的是具體的情況,而動名詞做主語,一般表示一般性的情況。 B.作后置定語 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作作后置定語,而動名詞不作后置定語。例如,the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping 。②現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞同形,但作前置定語時,動名詞表示所修飾的名詞的用途,例如, .building materials=materials for building。例如,a developing country=a country which is developing (發(fā)展中國家 ); boiling water=water which is boiling(正在滾開的水 ) 。 the sleeping boy , the ing new year 。 boiling water,boiled water 。例如“那個男孩不見了”,我們不能說“The boy is missed .”,而是 “The boy is missing.” ⑵.不定式、分詞、動名詞作定語時的比較 A.作前置定語 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞 可以作前置定語,而不定式不能作前置定語。 b) Sth. ﹢be﹢ving. 如:a. I am very excited 。 形式表示具有某種特征;。如上面例句:My job is interesting. 可改為:My job is very interesting. 顯然句子是成立的,句中的interesting 是現(xiàn)在分詞。 b)動名詞具有名詞的句法功能,也能做主語,我們不妨把句中的表語轉(zhuǎn)換成主語,如果句子成立,則是動名詞作表語,否則是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語。分辨方法有三:a)分詞作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)特征,回答how的問題;不定式和動名詞作表語則說明主語的內(nèi)容,回答what 或 doing what 問題, 如: My job is interesting.(=How is my job?) 。如: That was her desire, to go to America for further study after finishing middle school. 、分詞、動名詞 ⑴.不定式、分詞、動名詞作表語時的比較。 四、不定式、分詞、動名詞句法功能用法的比較 1. 從上面不定式、分詞、動名詞的詞性特征和句法功能中,我們不難看出它們在句子中的作用既有較多的共性,又有稍微的差異: :①不定式、分詞都能作:表語、定語 、賓語補足語、狀語、獨立成分;②不定式、動名詞都能作:主語、表語、賓語 ;③不定式、分詞、動名詞都能作:表語、定語。 2.分詞即具有動詞的一些特征,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能,因此,不定式在句中作:表語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、獨立成分。如: The teacher is busy collecting the students’ exam papers. ②動名詞的完成式在作具有狀語性質(zhì)的賓語時,表示的動作在謂語動詞的動作之前已發(fā)生。 ②完成式,如,having written / having been written 。如: The boys and girls went to school, singing and dancing all along the way . They all jumped with joy ,hearing the good news. The girl could not help crying ,being criticized in the public. ②現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前已發(fā)生,常用作時間狀語或原因狀語。 ②完成式,如,having done / having been done 。如: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. ) Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …) B. 分詞 。如: He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.) I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.) He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.) ②不定式的進(jìn)行式,表示不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行,與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。③完成式,如,to have written / to have been written 。表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念時,多用動名詞,如: (92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk ”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用動名詞做主語,而少用不定式,如: It /There is no use crying over the split milk. It /There is no help taking this medicine. ★但是如果該句型中用了for引出不定式的邏輯主語,就只能用不定式,如: (93) There is no good for us to do that exercise. , where, how, what, whether等連用,在句子中做主語,賓語和表語,而動名詞則不能,如: How to solve the p
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