【正文】
(注釋?zhuān)?reserve shipping space: 訂艙(位); trade terms: 貿(mào)易條款) ? Effecting insurance 辦理保險(xiǎn) (注釋?zhuān)?effect: 作用,效果,在此為 “ 辦理 ” 之意; insurance: 保險(xiǎn)) ? Customs clearance 報(bào)關(guān)裝貨(注釋?zhuān)?customs clearance: 報(bào)關(guān),清關(guān); loading: 裝貨) ? Shipping advice裝船(發(fā)貨)通知 ? Negotiation of export documents under L/C by the beneficiary通過(guò)受益人議付信用證項(xiàng)下的出口單證。 contract(發(fā)送訂單;簽訂合同 (注釋?zhuān)?order: 訂單; contract: 合同) ) ? Obtaining import/export license。 6. Steps (步驟) of International Trade ? Starting with market research ? Seeking customers(尋找客戶 ,注釋?zhuān)?seek: 尋找,尋求) ? Contact each other by sending inquiries(聯(lián)系查詢(xún)(注釋contact: 接觸,聯(lián)系; inquiry: 詢(xún)問(wèn),詢(xún)盤(pán)) ) ? Status inquiry(詢(xún)價(jià)狀況) ? Quotations or offers。 ? 各種貿(mào)易壁壘措施 ? 1) import duties: 進(jìn)口稅(注釋?zhuān)?duty: 關(guān)稅) ? 2) import or export licenses: 進(jìn)出口許可證 ? 3) import quotas: 進(jìn)口配額 (注釋?zhuān)簈uota: 配額) ? 4) tariffs: 關(guān)稅 ? 5) subsidies: 補(bǔ)貼 ? 6) nontariff barriers: 非關(guān)稅壁壘 ? 貿(mào)易壁壘實(shí)施的原理 ? Most trade barriers work on the same principle: the imposition of some sort of cost to trade that raises the price of trade products. If two or more nations repeatedly use trade barriers against each other, then a trade war results. ? 注釋 : principle:原則,原理 repeatedly: 再三地,重復(fù)地 result: 產(chǎn)生 , 結(jié)果 , 致使 ? 譯文: 大多數(shù)貿(mào)易壁壘實(shí)施的原理是一樣的:強(qiáng)制性地增加某些貿(mào)易的成本,將會(huì)使得貿(mào)易產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格上升。 約束 。 to serve as a tribunal for resolving disputes。 (6)influence of political parties in importer’s pany. Trade Organization ? WTO definition(世貿(mào)組織) It is best described as an umbrella anization ( 傘式組織) under which the agreements that came out of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations(烏拉圭多邊貿(mào)易談判) are gathered. ? WTO functions to implement, administer, and carry out WTO Agreement and it annexes。 (4)risk of the imposition of an import ban (禁止進(jìn)口) after the shipment of the good