【正文】
circumsc。electrodeposited foil has a shiny and smooth surfacesodium in solution with a saccharinsaccharin sodium in solution due to the very highsaccharin sodium in our system,the coatingconcentrations of saccharin sodiumFig. 2 shows the change in the surface morphologyfiber texture decreases,and a(220)fiber texture,which is negligible at low saccharinfiber ,as the concentration increases,the dualpreferredorientations are greater than 1.thesodium concentration up to 10 g / Lsaccharin sodium concentration in electrolyte and thedriving force of nucleation is weakened and nucleationexcessive saccharin sodium would makefine grain when the concentration is greatertwodimensional nucleation rate。decrease in the coefficient of diffusion results in increasediffusion of ions is shortened,which is equivalent to ais adsorbed on the surfaceg / the grain size increased when theclear that the mean grain size of ncNi coatingsvalues of the deposits were calculated by applying Eq.(1) and (2).The results are provided in Table 1.Fig. 1 XRD patterns of ncNi coating coatings depositedorientation. Table 1 Mean grain sizes and TC of ncNi coatings at0diffraction the texture coefficient is greatergrowth order to describe the structure and preferred orientation of the deposits in detail,the texture coefficient (TC)is used,which is defined as:TC =[Ihkl/ Ihkl]/[(1 / n)∑(Ihkl/ Ihkl)]where Ihkl and I176。and then addition,all the ncNi coatingsincrease of the saccharin sodium meansthe (111) peaks of depositsdifferent contents of saccharin sodium are shown in Fig.workstation in 3.anodic potentiodynamic polarization curve of ncNireferred to national standard GB / T 4340.FM700 Vicker’s microhardness indenter with a load of15406 nm ) is thecamera constant and λL the grain size,k ( = 0.(FWHM),θ thepeak broadening and was estimated by applying thedeposits was calculated by thecoatings was obtained on a D8 Xray diffractometer(TEM) at acceleratingelectron microscope ( SEM ) and a JEM2000EXthe electrodeposition time was 15 surface morphology and grain size of ncNitheprocedure,the treated copper substrate was put into thesubstrate was sanded and washed by0.was used as anodeThe0 by adding the dilute solutionand pulse frequency of 800 Hz The pH values of the6H2O 300g / L,NiCl2electrodeposition in a plating bath with aqueous bathon the microstructure,microhardness,thermal stabilityof saccharine sodiumand evaluate the influence of refining agents on thesuitable grain refining agents like saccharine or sodium ,grain size and structure of ncNi is known results showed that some properties ofgrain size on corrosion behavior of ncNi coatings,Mishraand Liping Wangconventional polycrystalline materials had beenhigh hardness and high corrosion resistancs. The unusual properties associated with the ultrafineattention had been paid to nanocrystalline nickeldensityThere are a very large number of pure metals,alloys, posites, and ceramics which can be electrodeposited with grain sizes less than 100 nm For example Ni,Co,Pd,Cu,NiP,NiFe,NiW,ZnNi, NiFeCr and NiSiC Among therecognized as a technologically feasible and economically附錄一英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯Nanocrystalline materials are of great industrial importance due to their peculiar properties.Thesematerials are used as bulk as well as coatings to雖然在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中我遇到了無(wú)數(shù)的困難,但是,他還是為我查找了很多資料,并且從來(lái)沒(méi)有嫌棄我的成績(jī)并不是那么的優(yōu)異,在此我非常的感謝李老師,可以說(shuō),沒(méi)有他就沒(méi)有我這個(gè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)里面凝結(jié)著他的心血。我這次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容是3000噸糖精鈉的工藝流程設(shè)計(jì),我的指導(dǎo)老師是李新寶老師,李老師是我見過(guò)我的最認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的老師,在設(shè)計(jì)開始的時(shí)候他就告訴了我們,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)需要認(rèn)真,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),并且要充分應(yīng)用到自己大學(xué)四年的知識(shí),這樣才是一個(gè)成功的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。食品添加劑[M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2004.[6][J].河南科技,2007,12(上):39.[7] [M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 1998.[8] 《化工設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)全書》[M].上海:上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 1983.[9] 《化學(xué)工程手冊(cè)》編輯委員會(huì).《化學(xué)工程手冊(cè)》(第4卷)[M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社. 1991.[10]郭宜祜,:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,1982.[11]:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2008.[12]:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2007[13](上下冊(cè)).:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2009[14]教育部高等教育司,北京市教育委員會(huì),高等學(xué)校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)::高等教育出版社,2007.[15]張桂軍,:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2006.[16]李應(yīng)鱗,:高等教育出版社,1987.[17]:華東理工大學(xué)出版社,1996.[18]:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2009[19]姚仲鵬,王瑞君,:北京理工大學(xué)出版社,1995[20]:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,.[21]王志魁,劉麗英,:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2010.致謝大學(xué)四年匆匆而過(guò),雖然我并沒(méi)有取得特別優(yōu)異的成績(jī),但是這四年并不是隨風(fēng)而過(guò)不留半點(diǎn)漣漪,而是在這四年里,得到知識(shí)與歡笑。雖然這次設(shè)計(jì)并不成熟,并不能成為一個(gè)馬上投入生產(chǎn)實(shí)際的工業(yè)生產(chǎn),但是學(xué)到的東西將是我終身的財(cái)富。培養(yǎng)了我的合作能力,和主觀能動(dòng)性,樹立了自己的信心。總體來(lái)說(shuō),雖然具有部分缺點(diǎn),但是它產(chǎn)率比起其他方法,比如甲苯法要優(yōu)越很多,而且相對(duì)污染較少,所以本方法安全,實(shí)用,可行。含不溶性糖精廢水經(jīng)沉淀回收不溶性糖精后,再蒸餾回收氨和甲醇。 車間布置相關(guān)專業(yè)的要求第7章 設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)價(jià)與總結(jié)從制備糖精鈉的原料,生產(chǎn)過(guò)程,以及對(duì)環(huán)境的安全性來(lái)看,在整個(gè)第二車間的流程中存在大量用作溶劑的甲苯,這些甲苯都可以很容易的回收,所以本設(shè)計(jì)雖然沒(méi)有明確寫出,但是廢甲苯管,基本上是流入回收裝置,進(jìn)行回收,冷卻水也可以進(jìn)行回收,本設(shè)計(jì)是使用的苯酐法生產(chǎn)糖精鈉,其中苯酐法生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中存在的廢物有:堿母液廢水、含硫酸銅廢酸水、含不溶性糖精廢酸水、氨尾氣、二氧化氮尾氣、二氧化硫尾氣、氯尾氣、活性炭廢渣、蒸甲苯廢渣等,工藝廢水量比甲苯法少一倍。 要考慮到廠房擴(kuò)建的需要。 要考慮必要的錐料面積。 操作平臺(tái)的寬度應(yīng)大于500mm,平臺(tái)向上距梁底或樓板的距離應(yīng)大于2000mm,平臺(tái)下若走人或有設(shè)備需檢修,平臺(tái)底部?jī)舾卟粦?yīng)小于2000mm。 發(fā)散有害物質(zhì)、產(chǎn)生巨大噪音和高溫的生產(chǎn)部分應(yīng)同一般的生產(chǎn)部分適當(dāng)?shù)母糸_,以免互相干擾。 設(shè)備與墻柱之間的間距,無(wú)人通過(guò)最小500mm,有人通過(guò)最小800mm 泵與泵之間間距一般1000mm,泵組之間間距約1500mm。一般洗漿設(shè)備布在樓面,黑液槽及漿池布在底層。并有安全報(bào)警和事故排空等安全措施。 4)冬天無(wú)嚴(yán)重冰凍地區(qū)的工廠可考慮把不適宜在車間內(nèi)布置的設(shè)施,布置在室外。設(shè)備的操作面應(yīng)迎著光線,使操作人員背光操作。 原則 1)各工序的設(shè)備布置要與主要流程順序相一致,是生產(chǎn)線路成鏈狀排列而無(wú)交叉迂回現(xiàn)象,并盡可能自流輸送,力求管線最短。萬(wàn)一發(fā)生事故,人員能迅速安全地疏散。 2)保證車間盡可能充分利用自然采光與通風(fēng)條件,使各個(gè)工作地點(diǎn)有良好的勞動(dòng)條件。⑩“三廢”治理和綜合利用符合要求。⑦對(duì)外交通相適應(yīng),合理組織人流,物流。⑤綜合考慮建筑物朝向,充分利用自然光和自然通風(fēng),注意建筑物間距。②靠近主消費(fèi)市場(chǎng),該車間面積與外形滿足糖精鈉工業(yè)工廠的生產(chǎn)需要留有適當(dāng)?shù)臄U(kuò)建余地。料液高度的計(jì)算 料液體積為:Vg= 筒體高度為按照02標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的《JB/T47462002》所規(guī)定的橢圓封頭,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高度有25mm和40mm兩種,按照容積規(guī)格,應(yīng)該選取高度h0為25mm又有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)封頭取所以有所以可以得出料液高度Z Z=h0+hi+h=++=攪拌器的選型和計(jì)算①料液高度和釜徑的比值,還有粘度的關(guān)系表中查的出葉輪數(shù)目是n=2②選用推進(jìn)式攪拌器,所以有距離釜底③初算槳葉直徑D~ 所以D==④攪拌器轉(zhuǎn)速的計(jì)算攪拌器級(jí)別選用5級(jí) 璜酰氯顆粒約為100目()差的極限沉降速度為;Ut=取校正系數(shù)FW=D=⑤對(duì)攪拌器直徑進(jìn)行黏度矯正N=攪拌器直徑: ⑥計(jì)算攪拌器所需功率其中查表得出 Np=D=所以得出==第6章 廠址選擇和平面設(shè)計(jì)擬建在某糖精鈉生產(chǎn)化工廠內(nèi),作為獨(dú)立車間,計(jì)劃占地35畝,綜合考慮到該廠現(xiàn)有土地的占用和空白地段情況,考慮與原料車間的銜接,考慮與下游產(chǎn)品車間即糖精鈉成品車間的銜接,考慮回收處理設(shè)施等等,擬建在該廠區(qū)的西北區(qū)。4)釜體PN的確定因?yàn)椴僮鲏毫W=查表準(zhǔn)得出 PN=料液高度的計(jì)算 料液體積為:V= 筒體高度為按照02標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的《JB/T47462002》所規(guī)定的橢圓封頭,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高度有25mm和40mm兩種,按照容積規(guī)格,應(yīng)該選取高度h0為25mm又有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)封頭取所以有所以可以得出料液高度ZZ=h0+hi+h=++=攪拌器的選型和計(jì)算①料液高度和釜徑的比值,還有粘度的關(guān)系表中查的出葉輪數(shù)目是n=1②選用推進(jìn)式攪拌器,所以有距離釜底③初算槳葉直徑D~ 所以D==④攪