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糖精鈉的制作流程設(shè)計(文件)

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【正文】 104 第5章 設(shè)備設(shè)計與選型 設(shè)備選型是指購置設(shè)備時,根據(jù)生產(chǎn)工藝要求和市場供應(yīng)情況,按照技術(shù)上先進(jìn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)上合理,生產(chǎn)上適用的原則,以及可行性、維修性、操作性和能源供應(yīng)等要求,進(jìn)行調(diào)查和分析比較,以確定設(shè)備的優(yōu)化方案。作為系統(tǒng)集成商,不應(yīng)依賴于任何一家的產(chǎn)品,應(yīng)能夠根據(jù)需求和費用公正地評價各種產(chǎn)品,選擇最優(yōu)的。其交換結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)能根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的擴(kuò)容靈活地擴(kuò)大容量。因此,所有的節(jié)點都應(yīng)是可網(wǎng)管的,而且需要有一個強(qiáng)有力且簡潔的網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理系統(tǒng),能夠?qū)W(wǎng)絡(luò)的業(yè)務(wù)流量、運行狀況等進(jìn)行全方位的監(jiān)控和管理。 7標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性和開放性由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)往往是一個具有多種廠商設(shè)備的環(huán)境,因此,所選擇的設(shè)備必須能夠支持業(yè)界通用的開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和協(xié)議,以便能夠和其他廠商的設(shè)備有效地互通。全系統(tǒng)的可靠性主要體現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的可靠性,尤其是GBE主干交換機(jī)的可靠性以及線路的可靠性。漿式、渦輪式攪拌器都有平葉和斜葉結(jié)構(gòu);推進(jìn)式、螺桿式和螺帶式的槳葉為螺旋面葉結(jié)構(gòu)。用于高黏流體的攪拌器有:錨式、框式、鋸齒圓盤式、螺旋漿式、螺帶式等。由于上述的兩種設(shè)備反應(yīng)里面的溶液粘度不大,剪切力較小并且溶液中有懸浮的顆粒,因此都選擇推進(jìn)式攪拌器下圖是重氮罐的物料狀態(tài)設(shè)備入料質(zhì)量出料質(zhì)量重氮釜甲酯重氮液亞硝酸鈉亞硝酸鈉鹽酸鹽酸水水氯化鈉衡算無誤其中反應(yīng)釜總原料的體積。4)釜體PN的確定因為操作壓力PW=查表準(zhǔn)得出 PN=料液高度的計算 料液體積為:V= 筒體高度為按照02標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的《JB/T47462002》所規(guī)定的橢圓封頭,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高度有25mm和40mm兩種,按照容積規(guī)格,應(yīng)該選取高度h0為25mm又有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)封頭取所以有所以可以得出料液高度ZZ=h0+hi+h=++=攪拌器的選型和計算①料液高度和釜徑的比值,還有粘度的關(guān)系表中查的出葉輪數(shù)目是n=1②選用推進(jìn)式攪拌器,所以有距離釜底③初算槳葉直徑D~ 所以D==④攪拌器轉(zhuǎn)速的計算攪拌器級別選用3級鄰甲苯苯甲酸甲酯顆粒約為80目()差的極限沉降速度為;Ut=取校正系數(shù)FW=D=⑤對攪拌器直徑進(jìn)行黏度矯正攪拌器直徑:N=⑥計算攪拌器所需功率其中查表得出 Np=D=所以得出==設(shè)備入料質(zhì)量出料質(zhì)量氨化釜璜酰氯氨化液氨水氨水水甲醇氯化銨X=水衡算基本無誤基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù):已知 甲苯密度為 氨水溶于水則不考慮體積變化則有所以得出Vg≈++=因為物料反應(yīng)基本平衡,且溶液粘度不大,所以取料裝系數(shù)為y=所以罐的容積為氨化罐的初步計算選定罐體的長徑比值的時候,因為需要考慮到反應(yīng)釜里面里面的攪拌,傳熱和物料特性的影響,所以取長徑值須稍微大一些,也就是取所以可以得出V(真)≈=所以求得 Di=筒體直徑和高度的確定 對Di進(jìn)行圓整,并且去標(biāo)準(zhǔn)直徑,所以可以取得Di=所以 H==如果選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的橢圓形封頭,則封頭容積為 則 m。②靠近主消費市場,該車間面積與外形滿足糖精鈉工業(yè)工廠的生產(chǎn)需要留有適當(dāng)?shù)臄U(kuò)建余地。⑦對外交通相適應(yīng),合理組織人流,物流。 2)保證車間盡可能充分利用自然采光與通風(fēng)條件,使各個工作地點有良好的勞動條件。 原則 1)各工序的設(shè)備布置要與主要流程順序相一致,是生產(chǎn)線路成鏈狀排列而無交叉迂回現(xiàn)象,并盡可能自流輸送,力求管線最短。 4)冬天無嚴(yán)重冰凍地區(qū)的工廠可考慮把不適宜在車間內(nèi)布置的設(shè)施,布置在室外。一般洗漿設(shè)備布在樓面,黑液槽及漿池布在底層。 發(fā)散有害物質(zhì)、產(chǎn)生巨大噪音和高溫的生產(chǎn)部分應(yīng)同一般的生產(chǎn)部分適當(dāng)?shù)母糸_,以免互相干擾。 要考慮必要的錐料面積。 車間布置相關(guān)專業(yè)的要求第7章 設(shè)計評價與總結(jié)從制備糖精鈉的原料,生產(chǎn)過程,以及對環(huán)境的安全性來看,在整個第二車間的流程中存在大量用作溶劑的甲苯,這些甲苯都可以很容易的回收,所以本設(shè)計雖然沒有明確寫出,但是廢甲苯管,基本上是流入回收裝置,進(jìn)行回收,冷卻水也可以進(jìn)行回收,本設(shè)計是使用的苯酐法生產(chǎn)糖精鈉,其中苯酐法生產(chǎn)過程中存在的廢物有:堿母液廢水、含硫酸銅廢酸水、含不溶性糖精廢酸水、氨尾氣、二氧化氮尾氣、二氧化硫尾氣、氯尾氣、活性炭廢渣、蒸甲苯廢渣等,工藝廢水量比甲苯法少一倍??傮w來說,雖然具有部分缺點,但是它產(chǎn)率比起其他方法,比如甲苯法要優(yōu)越很多,而且相對污染較少,所以本方法安全,實用,可行。雖然這次設(shè)計并不成熟,并不能成為一個馬上投入生產(chǎn)實際的工業(yè)生產(chǎn),但是學(xué)到的東西將是我終身的財富。我這次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計內(nèi)容是3000噸糖精鈉的工藝流程設(shè)計,我的指導(dǎo)老師是李新寶老師,李老師是我見過我的最認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的老師,在設(shè)計開始的時候他就告訴了我們,我們設(shè)計需要認(rèn)真,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),并且要充分應(yīng)用到自己大學(xué)四年的知識,這樣才是一個成功的畢業(yè)設(shè)計。附錄一英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯Nanocrystalline materials are of great industrial importance due to their peculiar properties.Thesematerials are used as bulk as well as coatings todensityThere are a very large number of pure metals,alloys, posites, and ceramics which can be electrodeposited with grain sizes less than 100 nm For example Ni,Co,Pd,Cu,NiP,NiFe,NiW,ZnNi, NiFeCr and NiSiC Among thehigh hardness and high corrosion resistancs. The unusual properties associated with the ultrafineand Liping Wang results showed that some properties ofsuitable grain refining agents like saccharine or sodium ,of saccharine sodiumelectrodeposition in a plating bath with aqueous bathand pulse frequency of 800 Hz The pH values of thewas used as anodeThesubstrate was sanded and washed bytheelectron microscope ( SEM ) and a JEM2000EXcoatings was obtained on a D8 Xray diffractometerpeak broadening and was estimated by applying theL the grain size,k ( = 0.15406 nm ) is thereferred to national standard GB / T 4340.workstation in 3.the (111) peaks of depositsand then addition,all the ncNi coatingsdiffraction the texture coefficient is greaterorientation. Table 1 Mean grain sizes and TC of ncNi coatings atvalues of the deposits were calculated by applying Eq.(1) and (2).The results are provided in Table 1.g / the grain size increased when thediffusion of ions is shortened,which is equivalent to atwodimensional nucleation rate。excessive saccharin sodium would makesaccharin sodium concentration in electrolyte and thethepreferredfiber texture decreases,and a(220)fiber texture,which is negligible at low saccharinsaccharin sodium in our system,the coatingsodium in solution with a saccharincircumsc。electrodeposited foil has a shiny and smooth surfacesaccharin sodium in solution due to the very highconcentrations of saccharin sodiumFig. 2 shows the change in the surface morphologyfiber ,as the concentration increases,the dualorientations are greater than 1.sodium concentration up to 10 g / Ldriving force of nucleation is weakened and nucleationfine grain when the concentration is greaterdecrease in the coefficient of diffusion results in increaseis adsorbed on the surfaceclear that the mean grain size of ncNi coatingsFig. 1 XRD patterns of ncNi coating coatings deposited0growth order to describe the structure and preferred orientation of the deposits in detail,the texture coefficient (TC)is used,which is defined as:TC =[Ihkl/ Ihkl]/[(1 / n)∑(Ihkl/ Ihkl)]where Ihkl and I176。increase of the saccharin sodium meansdifferent contents of saccharin sodium are shown in Fig.anodic potentiodynamic polarization curve of ncNiFM700 Vicker’s microhardness indenter with a load ofcamera constant and λ(FWHM),θ thedeposits was calculated by the(TEM) at acceleratingthe electrodeposition time was 15 surface morphology and grain size of ncNiprocedure,the treated copper substrate was put into the0.0 by adding the dilute solution6H2O 300g / L,NiCl2on the microstructure,microhardness,thermal stabilityand evaluate the influence of refining agents on thegrain size and structure of ncNi is knowngrain size on corrosion behavior of ncNi coatings,Mishraconventional polycrystalline materials had beenattention had been paid to nanocrystalline nickelrecognized as a technologically feasible and economically雖然在畢業(yè)設(shè)計中我遇到了無數(shù)的困難,但是,他還是為我查找了很多資料,并且從來沒有嫌棄我的成績并不是那么的優(yōu)異,在此我非常的感謝李老師,可以說,沒有他就沒有我這個畢業(yè)設(shè)計,我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計里面凝結(jié)著他的心血。食品添加劑[M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2004.[6][J].河南科技,2007,12(上):39
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