【正文】 s “In the Waiting Room” is rich in evocative detail: In Worcester, Massachusetts, I went with Aunt Consuelo to keep her dentist39。引文的出處放在圓括號(hào)內(nèi)，置于引號(hào)和句號(hào)之間。不管省略什么，合成的句子應(yīng)該是完整和正確的。為了區(qū)別新加的省略號(hào)和原句中可能出現(xiàn)的省略號(hào)，通常在新加的省略號(hào)的兩邊加上方括號(hào)39。如：Falstaff es to the battlefield without illusions. In contrast with Hotspur, “the flower of the chivalry of England”, who is ready ‘‘to plunk bright honor,” . the honor of the decaying aristocracy, ‘‘from the palefac39。2．符合語(yǔ)法，即引文和論文中的句子應(yīng)該正確地結(jié)合在一起，不可使讀者對(duì)引文結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生誤解。m sure I did. There is a hospital in Hiroshima. How could I help seeing it? HE. You did not see the hospital in Hiroshima. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. (1986, ll. 250506) 對(duì)引語(yǔ)文字的省略與補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明一、引文省略在引用較長(zhǎng)的段落時(shí)，為了保證引文的有效性，有時(shí)需要省略無(wú)關(guān)緊要的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。如：Marguerite Duras39。書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)，人物姓名全部大寫(xiě)，后跟句點(diǎn)，左邊縮進(jìn)十格，如果對(duì)白超過(guò)一行，其余的句行應(yīng)再縮進(jìn)五格。s spring and the goatfooted balloon Man whistles far and wee (1980, )如果引文始于某詩(shī)句的中間，引文首行應(yīng)該保留原作中寫(xiě)法，如下例所示：In a poem on Thomas Hardy(‘‘.’’), Molly Holden recalls her encounter with a“young dog fox on morning: I remember he glanced at me in just that way, independent and unabashed, the handsome sidelong look that went round and about but never directly met my eyes, for that would betray his soul. He was not being sly, only careful. (1976, ll. 4348)三、戲劇戲劇主要是通過(guò)人物對(duì)白展開(kāi)故事情節(jié)，刻畫(huà)人物性格。s “In the Waiting Room” is rich in evocation detail: It was winter. It got dark early. The waiting room was full of grownup people, arctics and overcoats， lamps and magazines. (1890, ll. 610)對(duì)于上述單列的詩(shī)歌引文，若其中某一詩(shī)句較長(zhǎng)，打印時(shí)超過(guò)一行，則有兩種處理方式：一是分行處理，但下一行需縮進(jìn)三格，即從第四格打起；二是不做分行處理，而是根據(jù)具體情況，適當(dāng)減少詩(shī)行左邊縮進(jìn)的格數(shù)，即可以少于十格。（一）三行以內(nèi)的詩(shī)句，不用另起一行，引文用引號(hào)標(biāo)出，詩(shī)句之間用斜線分開(kāi)，斜 線與前后字母及標(biāo)點(diǎn)之間均需空一格，引文出處，即詩(shī)行的行數(shù)用圓括號(hào)表示，置于引號(hào)和句號(hào)之間When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface, “The surging waves, great tracts of water,／were all cleansed [. . . ]” (1773, l. 162021)．這里，圓括號(hào)內(nèi)的l是line的縮寫(xiě)；21不必寫(xiě)成1621。s mind, which weles the opportunity to reestablish itself in the transference situation and thus captures and monopolizes and analyst39。 The second was the creation of a full descriptive framework for normal development. As Anna Freud noted:Reconstruction from adult analysis inevitable is weighted toward pathology to the neglect of normal developmental happenings。引文出處仍用圓括號(hào)標(biāo)出，放在末行句號(hào)后Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his Democratic Vistas is:an admirable and characteristic diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it Whitman is unable to conceive the extreme crises of society, one is certain that no society would be tolerable whose citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic idealism. (Chase, 1996, p. 165)如果引文超過(guò)一個(gè)段落，有兩種處理方式：1．如果引文首句始于原文某段落的首句，引文每個(gè)段落的首行均需縮進(jìn)十五格，其余各行縮進(jìn)十格。試比較下列兩句：Similarly, in his 1933 essay Femininity, he speaks of the mother and the figures of wetnurses and fostermothers that merge into her (Freud, 1963, p. 118)． Similarly, in his 1933 essay Femininity, Freud speaks of the mother and the figures of wetnurses and fostermothers that merge into her (1963, p. ll8)．（二）被引述的文字如果超過(guò)三行，通常要另起一行，每行左邊縮進(jìn)十格。s personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe” (Roger, 1988, p. 9).這里，圓括號(hào)中的Roger為引文作者的姓（不必注出全名）；阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字為引文出處的出版年，；作者姓和年份之間需用逗號(hào)及空格分開(kāi)，后者與頁(yè)碼間也用逗號(hào)空格分開(kāi)，；句號(hào)置于圓括號(hào)后。 Degelman, 1996”）。 Degelman, 1996, p. 135) identified four ponents of body language that were related to judgments of vulnerability.One researcher (Grayson, as cited in Murzynski amp。 Weinert amp。 Sullivan, Weinert amp。 引用書(shū)信、談話中的觀點(diǎn)或文字 書(shū)信和談話（含電子郵件、訪談、電話等）無(wú)法在正文后面的參考文獻(xiàn)中列出，但應(yīng)該在正文中使用括號(hào)夾注的方法注明出處。s educational and recreational facilities (Columbia University, 1987, p. 54). 引用無(wú)作者文獻(xiàn) 引用無(wú)作者文獻(xiàn)，如果文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)題沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)在正文里，則括號(hào)夾注中應(yīng)使用該標(biāo)題或者（如果標(biāo)題過(guò)長(zhǎng)的話）使用該標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞組，如： (“Mad Cow,” 2001) 或者 (Sleep Medicine, 2001) 在使用關(guān)鍵詞組時(shí)應(yīng)該選擇標(biāo)題開(kāi)始部分的詞組。 Matsuura, 1982) reports the poor performance of advanced English learners who could use English articles correctly only in 70 percent of the cases. 三位作者第一次引用：According to educational psychologists, raising children is a responsibility of the entire munity (Franklin, Childs, amp。 (b) authoritative statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities)。 引用整篇文獻(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)引用整篇文獻(xiàn)（即全書(shū)或全文）觀點(diǎn)時(shí)有兩種情況，一種是作者的姓氏在正文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，如：Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990).另一種情況是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出現(xiàn)，沒(méi)有必要在括號(hào)夾注中重復(fù)作者的姓，如：Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990). 如果作者的姓氏和文獻(xiàn)出版年份均已在正文同一句中出現(xiàn)，則不需使用括號(hào)夾注，如：In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing. 在英文撰寫(xiě)的論文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括號(hào)夾注中只需用漢語(yǔ)拼音標(biāo)明作者的姓氏，不得使用漢字，如： (Zhang, 2005) 引用文獻(xiàn)中具體觀點(diǎn)或文字 引用文獻(xiàn)中某一具體觀點(diǎn)或文字時(shí)必須注明該觀點(diǎn)或者該段文字出現(xiàn)的頁(yè)碼，沒(méi)有頁(yè)碼是文獻(xiàn)引用不規(guī)范的表現(xiàn)。無(wú)論采用何種方式，論文作者必須注明所引文字的作者和出處。引述別人的觀點(diǎn)，可以直接引用，也可間接引用。但是，引述不可過(guò)多，否則會(huì)使讀者生厭，給讀者留下一個(gè)缺乏思考或?qū)懽骷寄艿拖碌牟涣加∠蟆Ｖ轮x應(yīng)真誠(chéng)得體，不可流于形式，套話連篇。致謝的對(duì)象一般包括在研究工作中提出指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)、提出建議和提供幫助的人以及其他協(xié)助完成研究工作、提供便利條件或者允許使用其出版物或書(shū)面資料的組織或個(gè)人。附錄的序號(hào)、名稱和頁(yè)碼都必須包括在目次頁(yè)里。 附錄與正文連續(xù)編頁(yè)碼。編入附錄的材料一般有助于讀者了解正文內(nèi)容，但又因篇幅過(guò)大、數(shù)據(jù)瑣碎等原因，編入正文會(huì)有損于正文編排的條理性或邏輯性。 參考文獻(xiàn)的字體與正文相同，條目?jī)?nèi)換行用單倍行距。文獻(xiàn)著錄必須按作者姓氏的字母順序排列，不得以正文中出現(xiàn)的先后編碼排序，不得使用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。 每一份圖表在正文中都必須提到，并作一定的解釋。如果確實(shí)因?yàn)楸砀裉L(zhǎng)必須跨頁(yè)，必須在前一頁(yè)表格的底部加上“Continued on the next page”，在后一頁(yè)表格的頂部加上“Continued”。表內(nèi)同一欄的數(shù)字必須上下對(duì)齊，空白處必須解釋。圖表中出現(xiàn)的符號(hào)、標(biāo)記、代碼、縮略詞等，都必須附注于圖下或表下（即使用“Notes:”）。題目應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)短確切，一般不超過(guò)一行。論文中的引用須嚴(yán)格按照本規(guī)范在具體要求，格式上做到前后一致。任何直接引語(yǔ)都必須標(biāo)明頁(yè)碼，以便讀者查找。在正文中，括號(hào)夾注是引文出現(xiàn)的小句的一部分，因而必須放在句末的標(biāo)點(diǎn)以內(nèi)，不得放在句外，但也不得放在引文的引號(hào)以內(nèi)。如：Confucius was quoted in The Analects as saying, “學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦樂(lè)乎” (“Learning with frequent reviewing, what a pleasure this is”)! 大段中文引文應(yīng)用兩節(jié)引語(yǔ)段，即中文原文和英文譯文。 引語(yǔ)段的字體與正文相同，