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初中英語語法歸納(參考版)

2025-04-09 12:33本頁面
  

【正文】 ll fail in the ,否則不能通過考試。 He is short,while his brother is ,而他兄弟個子高- He worked hard, however, he failed.他很努力,然而還是失敗了。 Neither I nor he has seen the film. 我沒看過這部電影,他也沒看過 2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系的并列連詞 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系的并列連詞有:but(可是,但是),while(而,然而),still(但是,然而),yet(可是),however(然而,但是),whereas(而),nevertheless(然而,不過)。 1 am a teacher and he is a doctor.我是老師,他是醫(yī)生。 They can both read English and speak it 。根據(jù)其意義,并列連詞又可分為表示聯(lián)合、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇和因果四種關系的連詞。連詞是一種虛詞,在句中不重讀,不能獨立擔任句子成分。 I think Sydney has less rain than Beijing. Sydney doesn39。 三、重點短語 at the top of 在……頂端 at the bottom of 在……底部 make effort 努力 be connected with 與……有聯(lián)系 be close to 接近,靠近 a period of time 一段時間 up to 直到 make progress 取得進步 agree to do 同意做…… reduce... to 減至 increase...by 以……的幅度增加 move out of 脫離,擺脫 make sure 確保 be similar to 與……相似 in recent years 近年來 as a result 結果 Module 2 Develop and Develod Countries 一、重點單詞 hunger n.饑餓 ine n.收入 poverty n.貧窮 human n..(與動物等對比的)人 development n.發(fā)展 unfortunate ;遺憾的 location n.位置;所在地 tourism n.旅游業(yè) transport n.交通工具 measure ;測量;評估 goal n.目標 expectancy n.(根據(jù)概率得出的)預期數(shù)額 position n.位置 educate vt.教育;培養(yǎng);訓練 household n. 一家人;家庭 homeless adj.無家可歸的 charity n.慈善團體 China has a large population.中國人口眾多 (2) twice是名詞,在這里表示倍數(shù),倍數(shù)的表示法常有以下四種: ① A is... times + adj. /adv.的比較級+than B This bridge is three times longer than that one. 這座橋比那座橋長三倍。 Two thirds of the population of this area are farmers. 這一地區(qū)三分之。 China has a population of more than billion people. 或China is a country with a population of more than billion people. 中國有十三億多人口 ③當population置于句首充當句子的主語時,且其前有分數(shù)、百分數(shù)修飾時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 (1)population n. population的用法要注意以下四點: ①當問及國家、城市、地區(qū)等有多少人口時,可以用。 (3) nothing表示“什么也沒有,沒有東西”,是全部否定,作主語、賓語或表語。none可以回答how mane ,how much提出的問題 He has many friends. But none of them can really help him when he is in trouble. 他有許多朋友,但當他遇到困難時卻沒有一個能真正幫他。 (2) none一般與of短語連用,指人或物。 None of us enjoy getting up early.我們中間沒人喜歡早起 But none of them has been turned to stone yet! 但是他們誰也沒有變成石頭! no one, none,nothing的用法 (1 ) no one單獨使用,只用于指人,可以回答who提出的問題 Who will get to station?誰要到車站去? No one.沒有人。(一個人) 21. None of them speaks Spanish.沒有一個人說西班牙語。 He sent her the red and the white roses. 他送給她紅玫瑰和白玫瑰(兩種) He sent her the red and white rose. 他送給她紅白相間的玫瑰(一種) The driver and the manager went to the pany. 司機和經(jīng)理一同來到公司。 20. Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine.巴黎是法國的首都,也是法國最大的城市,坐落在塞納河畔。 The question to be discussed at tomorrow39。 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 你讀過這本狄更斯寫的小說嗎? He is a man loved and respected by all. 他是個受眾人愛戴的人。 不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語的區(qū)別: 這三種形式作定語,主要體現(xiàn)在動作發(fā)生的時間上。 a boy named Jack一個名叫杰克的男孩。 “Are you ready?asked the teacher. “準備好了沒有?”老師問道。 (4)直接引語放在句首引起的完全倒裝。 〔注意〕在there be結構中,可以代替be的還有以下動詞:live,lie,stand,appear,rise,remain,happen,e,go等。 (3 )there be結構及其變體的完全倒裝。 Among the people was a man named Brown. 在這些人中有一個叫布朗的人。 Here are some advertisements about cars. 這兒有幾則有關汽車的廣告。 Here es the bus.汽車來了。 在描述情景時,為了使景象更生動,有時把here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off , away等方向性副詞位于句子開頭時,句子用完全倒裝。完全倒裝一般具有以下兩個條件:①謂語動詞是單個(即不帶情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或be動詞)的不及物動詞,且只限于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時;②主語只能是名詞。 當?shù)攸c狀語放在句首時,所引導的句子應用完全倒裝,即地點狀語十謂語十主語+其他 On her left sat her husband.她左邊坐著她丈夫。 She is such a beautiful girl as many young men love. =She is such a beautiful girl that many young men love her. 她是如此的漂亮,以致于很多年輕男子喜歡她。 [辨析]such as, such...as, such...that such as(用于列舉事物) such...as...(用于定語從句) such...that(引導結果狀語從句) There are many books in the library such as novels,storybooks and picture books. 這家圖書館有很多書,諸如小說、故事書、圖畫書之類. I went to the shop and bought such things as bread,wine and vegetables. 我去商店買了這些東西,如面包、葡萄酒和蔬菜。若有比較的意思時常用like this/that的形式來表達。such可在句中修飾不可數(shù)名詞,而so不可以這樣用。 17. such pron.這樣的物(事、人) adj.(無比較級和最高級)這樣的,如此的 One such dictionary is enough. 這樣的詞典一本就夠了 We are not such fools as to believe him. 我們不是那樣的愚人,竟會相信他。 (6) on account of意為“因......緣故,由于”它引導的短語在句中通常作狀語,可置于句首或句末。 Owing to my absence,they had to put off the class meeting till next week. 由于我不在,他們只好將班會推遲到下個星期. Xiao Wang could not e to the ball(,)owing to a bad cold. 因為得了重感冒,小王沒能去打(踢)球. (4) due to意為“由于”,它引導的短語在句中一般用作表語或定語,但在很多場合也可與owing to通用,作狀語. 這一用法在現(xiàn)今英語中也很流行,但不如owing to那么嚴謹. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那件意外事故歸因于你駕駛不小心. (5) as a ( the) result of意為 “ 由于......的結果”,一般用作狀語。 ( 2 )thanks to這一短語介詞,含有、‘幸虧、多虧、虧得、依賴、依靠、由于、因為”等意思幾它引導的短語,可以表達正面意思(近似于原意“感謝”),也可用于諷刺口吻中(近似于諷刺口吻的“感謝”)它引導的短語在句中用作狀語時,大多放在句首,也可以置于句末. My mother is getting better and better,thanks to the doctor.t ao to school because of his illness. = He didn’ t go to school because he was ill. 他沒去上學是因為生病了。 More workers than one were for his opinions. 不止一個工人支持/贊成他的觀點。(言年齡?。? [注意]more than one和many a后均跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù),但是more十可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+ than We have made up our minds to research on till we work out the facts of what has caused the pollution. 我們決心研究下去,直到弄清導致污染的根源 15. more than:表示“多于,超過,不僅僅,不止” more... than;表示“與其說,倒不如說” no more than表示“不過,僅僅;同????一樣不” not more than表示“至多,不超過” More than one member was against the plan. 不止一個人反對該計劃 There are more than sixty students in our class. 我們班有60多個學生 He is more than our teacher and he is our friends. 他不僅僅是我們的老師,也是我們的朋友 His father is more disappointed than angry. 他父親與其說是生氣,倒不如說是失望 The little boy is not more than 5 years old. 這個小男孩不超過五歲。s said that he39。 work out解出,找出答案”,可以看作是work on的結果,相當于find或have got, Here he worked on a short film,which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world. 他制作了一部短片,這使他獲得了一份工作,并成為世界上最年輕的電影導演。s works. 他喜歡歐?亨利的作品 [辮析]work on,work at,work out work on和work at都可以作“致力于;從事于”解釋,相當于be engaged in,常??梢曰ハ啻妗 success is achieved by hard work. 幾乎每個人的成功都是靠艱苦的勞動獲得的。 uncover還可表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)、揭露、暴露”等意思,一般用于貶義,其賓語常常是:relic遺物、古跡,plot陰謀、圈套、(秘密)計劃,conspiracy共謀、陰謀 Do you know who discovered America? 你知道是誰發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的嗎? Think it over and you39。 Her lectures covered the subject throughly. 她的演講對這個問題闡述得很透徹 The Red Army men covered 25,000 1i during the Long March. 長征中,紅軍走過了兩萬五千里 〔辮析〕 discover,uncover, find
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