【正文】 an oversimplification of plex issues which makes an electorate(選民) impatient with a political process that cannot solve them. How much is TV responsible? And that these trends are helping to change society at a unprecedented rate can hardly be denied. Because the impact of these changes is relatively longterm and not easily pinpointed. there is a vast depth of unconcern about these developments. On violence, however, there is an intuitive suspicion that TV might have something to do with it. yet the men running TV have gone to considerable lengths to assure us that we are unduly alarmed about nothing. 66. In order to avoid the repetitions of the word “television”, what other nouns does the author use? Please list at least four. 67. Can you use another word in this passage to tale the place of “play down ”in ? 68. Why are TV executives in America and Britain eager to play down the importance of TV? 69. Why do people believe that TV has something to do with increasing violence? 70. What is the author’s attitude toward the argument over TV’s influence? Section V Translation (10 points) Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET2. Lange, multinational corporations may be the panies whose ups and downs seize headlines. (71) But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy’s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and are factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100workers,now employ 60 percent of the workforce and expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2,000. Some million small forms have opened their doors over the past 6 years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own. Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the petition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally .the capital that success requires. (72) Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also. at least for a while, be bookkeepers and receptionists, too. According to Samll Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to disappear in two years, and 27 more will have shut their 。 they hold fast to romantic doctrines of perfectibility even when such doctrines contradict their actual or their formal faith whether it be as scientists or as orthodox Christians. It is fact that while Americans as a people are notoriously empirical. Pragmatic, and unintellectual, they live their lives against a background of unalterable national shibboleths(陳舊的語句). The same abundance of theory that allowed Walt Whitman to fill out his poetry with philosophical road signs of American optimism allows a president to make pious references to God as an American traditionreferences which, despite their somewhat mechanical quality, are not only sincere but which, to most Americans, express the reality of America. 59. The writer uses the example of Ibises and others to maintain that 　　 A. Europeans do not have the proper appreciation of the United States B. Europeans have made a notable shift in attitude toward the United States C. American culture has been rediscovered by Europeans D. Europeans no longer feel that there should be an exchange of ideas with Americans 60. The writer states that, until recently, Americans thought of their country as a 　　 A. source of enlightenment B. leader in technological progress C. recipient of European heritage D. peacemaker 61. The author states that American democracy in practice sometimes is in conflict with 　　 A. theoretical notions of equality B. other political systems C. Europe’s best interests D. Both A and B 62. Which of the following was NOT mentioned by the author as an American principle? A. Equality of man. B. Moral rightness as American policy decisions. C. Man’s capacity to bee perfect. D. The inviolability(不可侵犯)of the individual’s integrity. Questions 63 to 65 are based on the following passage: The truly inpetent may never know the depths of their own inpetence, a pair of social psychologists said on Thursday. “We found again and again that people who perform poorly relative to their peers(同等人)tended to think that they did rather well.” Justin Kruger, coauthor of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview. Kruger and coauthor David Dunning found that when it came to a variety of skills—logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humorpeople who essentially were inept(無能的；愚蠢的)never realized it ,while those who had some ability were selfcritical. It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, but rather with a central paradox: Inpetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they stand, even if that is at the bottom, Americans and Western Europeans especially had an unrealistically sunny assessment of their own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less selfdelusion(欺騙),the researchers said. But even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely(愉快地；快活地)unaware of the problem. This was especially true in the areas of logical reasoning, where research subjects + students at Cornell University, where the two resear