【正文】 如有 to be cleaned 則也為正確答案。 典型例題 The library needs___, but it\39。例如： Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。例如： He married a rich girl. 他與一個(gè)富妞結(jié)婚了。例如： He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。 This book is worth reading. 這本書(shū)值得一讀。 3） 在 need, require, want, worth （形容詞） , deserve 后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。例如： I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。 This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。例如： （對(duì)） She likes to swim. （錯(cuò)） To swim is liked by her. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1） wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell 等。例如： She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了個(gè)惡夢(mèng)。例如： It sounds good. 聽(tīng)上去不錯(cuò)。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你說(shuō)的與我們聽(tīng)說(shuō)的一致。 2） 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如 fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。 比較： rise, fall, happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞； raise, seat 是及物動(dòng)詞。例如： It is said that… 據(jù)說(shuō) It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that… 大家相信 It is hoped that… 大家希望 It is well known that… 眾所周知 It is thought that… 大家認(rèn)為 It is suggested that… 據(jù)建議 It is taken granted that… 被視為當(dāng)然 It has been decided that… 大家決定 It must be remember that… 務(wù)必記住的是 不用 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 的情況 1） 不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如 appear, die disappear, end（ vi. 結(jié)束） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, e true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等沒(méi)有無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞。 I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。 The strange was let go. 2）當(dāng) let 后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)， let 通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而用 allow 或 permit 代替。 let 的用法 1）當(dāng) let 后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可用不帶 to 的不定式。 He was seen to play football on the playground. 2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老師逼我走出教室。 記憶歌訣：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)，情態(tài)加 be 加 “過(guò)分 ”，原來(lái)帶 to 要保留。 記憶歌訣：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)有必要；動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)， 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 運(yùn)用到。例如： 1) This book was written by him. 這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。 (不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的 ) 2) This book was published in 1981. 這本書(shū)出版于 1981 年。 三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 1 不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 (系表結(jié)構(gòu) ) The shop is opened at 8 . 。 (系表結(jié)構(gòu) )The door has already/just been locked.門(mén)已經(jīng) /剛剛被鎖 上。如： The magazine is published in Shanghai.這家雜志出版于上海。 (系表結(jié)構(gòu) ) The glass was broken by the 。其區(qū)分辦法如下： 1 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞 by 引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng) “be+過(guò)去分詞 ”表示動(dòng)作時(shí)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， be是助動(dòng)詞， be 后面的過(guò)去分詞是主要?jiǎng)釉~，動(dòng)作的對(duì)象是主語(yǔ)；當(dāng) “be +過(guò)去分詞 ”表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)為系表結(jié)構(gòu)， be 是連系動(dòng)詞。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am／ is／ are＋ taught 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was／ were＋ taught 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will／ shall be＋ taught 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am／ is／ are being＋ taught 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： have／ has been＋ taught 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have／ has been＋ taught 記憶歌訣：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) be 字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò) be 的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。 At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. He told me last week that he is eighteen. 2) 賓語(yǔ)從句中的助動(dòng)詞 ought, need, must, dare 時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。 2) 漸變動(dòng)詞，如： get, run, grow, bee, begin 及 die。s army now advances and the great battle begins. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí) 1) 有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)： hear, tell, learn, write , understand, fet, know, find , say, remember. I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. I fet (=have fotten) how old he is. 2) 句型 It is … since… 代替 It has been … since … 3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí) 句型： Here es… ； There goes… Look, here es Mr. Li. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) 1) 表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù) 定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。 2) 敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。 The newspaper says that it39。 (實(shí)際上每天如此。 (2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來(lái)事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。本題有 He said，故為過(guò)去式。 succeed D. would not give。 had not succeeded B. would not give。ll be lying on the beach. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。ll be meeting him sometime in the future. 注意：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于表示 意志