【正文】
s attention, the focus of research is how it is convenient to adjust the inverter power supply output voltage and frequency, and lower harmonic content, improving the output waveform. So far, the lower harmonic content and adjust the output voltage (or frequency) mon measures are:1) on the switch tube inverter frequency PWM inverter, make the picture for high frequency output as PWM waves.2) by changing the inverter circuit topology structure, in the circuit to reconstruct to waveoutput waveform, reduce ladder loworder harmonic content.PWM technology is using semiconductor switching device conduction and shut off the dc voltage into voltage pulse, and through the control voltage pulse width to achieve the purpose of variable frequency control technology, a. SPWM sine pulsewidth modulation isproduced by the control circuit of a group of rectangular pulse width and differ, used to approximate sine sequence voltage wave.For high frequency PWM switch, the higher the frequency, the smaller of harmonic content, but the switch loss is bigger also, unfavorable use in highpower inverter. But often require multiple wave reconstruction way to realize the voltage inverter. Waveform reconstruction, the more the lowest series higher harmonic frequency, but the main circuit andcontrol circuit is more plex, accordingly, the control voltage regulation is not very convenient, so this way in highpower inverter power supply usually only.Using PWM to adjust output voltage and lower harmonic content is currently the most popular technologies in small power inverter is widely used, PWM method of generatingmany.Frequency conversion power adopt PWM technology has two kinds:A preset control mode is switch, also called selective harmonic elimination PWM,theoretical analysis shows that, in 1973, the selective harmonic elimination control strategy can effectively overe these problems, it only need less switches can be pletely eliminate impulse number of large capacity, high order harmonic lowhas achieved very good filtering effect, switch low frequency and voltage switching loss, utilization rate is higher many advantages, PWM inverter control method of the ideal.Selective harmonic elimination PWM control is a PWM control strategy, the calculation method is: through their basic PWM control Fourier analysis, Fourier series,pulse, for unknown displacement of certain harmonic zero, then get a nonlinearequations, the equations for selective harmonic elimination PWM model, according to the results of model, excluding the output control these specific loworder harmonic. The advantages of the selective harmonic elimination control for people to recognize and develop a lot of research work, hope this method of practical application. Unfortunately, so far, selective harmonic elimination method is not really into actual application.According to the ideas, selective harmonic elimination control PWM waves of phase is obtained by solving the model and selective harmonic elimination model is a sine function of multivariate nonlinear equations, and its numerical solution of plicated and difficult process, so that the solution convergence calculation in existing microprocessor (MCU)system in realtime to finish, it is very difficult to a considerable extent restricted in the practical application of selective harmonic elimination method. Now the application of thismethod to control soil, and its application in the need to adjust the size of the constant frequenc。由于本人水平有限,不妥之處在所難免,懇請(qǐng)所有讀到這篇論文的老師和同學(xué)不吝賜教。同時(shí)我還要感謝和我一起做畢設(shè)的同學(xué)以及幫助我的老師和同學(xué)們。老師的悉心的指導(dǎo)和幫助,鼓勵(lì)我克服了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中的種種困難,并得以順利完成學(xué)業(yè)。在我的畢業(yè)論文即將完成之際,向我的指導(dǎo)董鋒斌老師表示深深的致謝和敬意。在整個(gè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)階段,董老師在學(xué)習(xí)、科研等方面提供了許多便利條件,使我在各方面都取得了進(jìn)步。致謝本課題是在董鋒斌老師的精心指導(dǎo)下完成的。由于時(shí)間和本人水平有限,在電源的設(shè)計(jì)中還存在以下的一些問(wèn)題和不足:(l)電源沒(méi)有采用軟開(kāi)關(guān)技術(shù),硬開(kāi)關(guān)使IGBT的開(kāi)關(guān)損耗較高,從而導(dǎo)致效率的降低。驗(yàn)證了控制策略的合理性?!穹治隽藛蜗嚯妷盒蚉WM逆變器系統(tǒng)的性質(zhì),設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和軟件結(jié)構(gòu),并給出此系統(tǒng)的控制策略。 死區(qū)時(shí)間為2us 負(fù)載擾動(dòng)及調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程 突加階躍系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)波形6 總結(jié)與期望 本論文工作的總結(jié)本文研究的內(nèi)容主要如下:●分析了變頻電源技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和存在的難點(diǎn),指出論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和意義。參數(shù)為:,, ,開(kāi)關(guān)頻率,調(diào)制比初值,調(diào)制波初始設(shè)定頻率為。 else M_DATA=PID_Mdata。 {if(PID_Mdata) M_DATA=。 return Uk_data。 Ek_1_data=Ek_data。 oUk_data=Kp*(Ek_dataEk_1_data)+Ki*Ek_data。比例部分能迅速響應(yīng)控制作用,積分部分則最終消除穩(wěn)態(tài)偏差。 PI控制算法設(shè)計(jì) 在變頻電源系統(tǒng)的控制器設(shè)計(jì)中,采用的是PI控制器。增量式PID控制算法與位置式PID算法式 ()相比,計(jì)算量小的多,因此在實(shí)際中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。增量式PID控制算法可以通過(guò)式()推導(dǎo)出。 增量式PID算法所謂增量式PID是指數(shù)字控制器的輸出只是控制量的增量。 式()表示的控制算法式直接按 式 ()所給出的PID控制規(guī)律定義進(jìn)行計(jì)算的,所以它給出了全部控制量的大小,因此被稱為全量式或位置式PID控制算法。離散化處理的方法為:以T作為采樣周期,k作為采樣序號(hào),則離散采樣時(shí)間kT對(duì)應(yīng)著連續(xù)時(shí)間t,對(duì)其進(jìn)行離散化可得: () () ()上式中,為了表示的方便,將類似于簡(jiǎn)化成等。 位置式PID算法由于計(jì)算機(jī)控制是一種采樣控制,它只能根據(jù)采樣時(shí)刻的偏差計(jì)算控制量,而不能像模擬控制那樣連續(xù)輸出控制量量,進(jìn)行連續(xù)控制。對(duì)式()的PID控制規(guī)律進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖儞Q,就可以用軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)PID控制,即數(shù)字PID控制。 數(shù)字PID控制由于計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn),計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)入了控制領(lǐng)域。微分部分顯然對(duì)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定有很大的作用。微分部分的作用由微分時(shí)間常數(shù)Td決定。微分作用的引入,將有助于減小超調(diào)量,克服振蕩,使系統(tǒng)趨于穩(wěn)定,特別對(duì)髙階系統(tǒng)非常有利,它加快了系統(tǒng)的跟蹤速度。它是根據(jù)偏差的變化趨勢(shì)(變化速度)進(jìn)行控制。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一作用,可在PI控制器的基礎(chǔ)上加入微分環(huán)節(jié),形成PID控制器。● 微分部分:微分部分的數(shù)學(xué)式表示是: 實(shí)際的控制系統(tǒng)除了希望消除靜態(tài)誤差外,還要求加快調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程。當(dāng)Ti較小時(shí),則積分的作用較強(qiáng),這時(shí)系統(tǒng)過(guò)渡時(shí)間中有可能產(chǎn)生振蕩,不過(guò)消除偏差所需的時(shí)間較短。積分環(huán)節(jié)的調(diào)節(jié)作用雖然會(huì)消除靜態(tài)誤差,但也會(huì)降低系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)速度,增加系統(tǒng)的超調(diào)量?!?積分部分:積分部分的數(shù)學(xué)式表示是: 從積分部分的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式可以知道,只要存在偏差,則它的控制作用就不斷的增加;只有在偏差e(t)=0時(shí),它的積分才能是一個(gè)常數(shù),控制作用才是一個(gè)不會(huì)增加的常數(shù)。控制作用的強(qiáng)弱取決于比例系數(shù)Kp,比例系數(shù)越大,控制作用越強(qiáng),則過(guò)渡過(guò)程越快,控制過(guò)程的靜態(tài)偏差也就越小;但是Kp越大,也越容易產(chǎn)生振蕩,破壞系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。所以模擬PID控制器的控制規(guī)律為: ()其中: Kp―― 控制器的比例系數(shù) -- 控制器的積分時(shí)間,也稱積分系數(shù) ―― 控制器的微分時(shí)間,也稱微分系數(shù)圖 模擬PID控制系統(tǒng)原理圖● 比例部分:比例部分的數(shù)學(xué)式表示是: 在模擬PID控制器中,比例環(huán)節(jié)的作用是對(duì)偏差瞬間作出反應(yīng)。該系統(tǒng)由模擬PID控制器和被控對(duì)象組成。其閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)一般框圖為圖31,一般均由給定環(huán)節(jié)、控制器、被控對(duì)象、檢測(cè)裝置等基本環(huán)節(jié)組成。因此在設(shè)計(jì)逆變電源時(shí)應(yīng)將系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)成閉環(huán)反饋控制系統(tǒng)。這樣,系統(tǒng)的主要擾動(dòng)以被補(bǔ)償。反饋控制方式組成的反饋控制系統(tǒng),具有抑制任何內(nèi)、外擾動(dòng)對(duì)被控量產(chǎn)生影響的能力,有較高的控制精度;復(fù)合控制方式是開(kāi)環(huán)和閉環(huán)相結(jié)合的一種控制方式,但它只適用于擾動(dòng)是可測(cè)量的場(chǎng)合,而且一個(gè)補(bǔ)償裝置只能補(bǔ)償一種擾動(dòng)因素對(duì)其余擾動(dòng)均不起補(bǔ)償作用。 控制器設(shè)計(jì) 反饋控制系統(tǒng)的必要性自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)從控制的基本方式看,可分為開(kāi)環(huán)控制、反饋控制和復(fù)合控制。 PWM_h=(PWM_ALLPWM_l)。SPWM波生成方法采用不對(duì)稱規(guī)則采樣法。 程序流程圖,、。3)設(shè)置相應(yīng)定時(shí)器的啟動(dòng)位來(lái)啟動(dòng)定時(shí)器,同時(shí)清除人工加載位。下面部分描述如何開(kāi)始一個(gè)定時(shí)器:1)初始化TCNTBn和TCMPn2)設(shè)置相應(yīng)定時(shí)器的人工加載位。因此,TCNTn一開(kāi)始的值已經(jīng)被用戶預(yù)先定義。如果TCNTn的值遞減到 0且自動(dòng)加載位是0,TCNTn不會(huì)在任何緩沖中操作。當(dāng)TCNTn達(dá)到0時(shí),TCNTn自動(dòng)加載TCNTBn中的值。定時(shí)器的