【正文】 Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900。s original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893。 the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the organization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players。s Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (18611939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the handeye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismith39。s ball is in (7274 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, position, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the ball39。s National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basketballs range in size from in (7276 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 1822 oz (510624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in men39。t e naturally or easily to them, and so they are trying to follow a predetermined set of rules. Some individuals with autism have normal intelligence, and many have special talents in areas such as music or memory. However, individuals with autism may have other mental or emotional problems that coexist with their autism. Some of these other disorders may include impulse control disorders, obsessivepulsive disorder , mood and anxiety disorders, and mental retardation . PSYCHOLOGICAL AND FAMILY FACTORS. Although Henry Maudsley, in the late 1800s, was the first psychiatrist to focus on very young children with mental disorders, it was the psychiatrist Leo Kanner who coined the phrase early infantile autism in 1943. Kanner believed that the parents of children with autistic behaviors were emotionally cold and intellectually distant. He coined the term refrigerator parents to describe them. His belief that parental personality and behavior played a powerful role in the development of autistic behaviors left a devastating legacy of guilt and selfblame among parents of autistic children that continues to this day. Recent studies are unequivocal, however, in demonstrating that parents of autistic children are no different from parents of healthy children in their personalities or parenting behaviors. In fact, many families with an autistic child also have one or more perfectly healthy children. Because autistic children can be extremely sensitive to change, any change within the family situation can be potentially traumatic to the autistic child. A move, divorce, birth of a sibling or other stressors that occur in the lives of most families may evoke a more extreme reaction from an autistic child. While there is no single neurological abnormality found in children with autistic disorders, some research using noninvasive brain imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggests that certain areas of the brain may be involved. Several of the brain areas being researched are known to control emotion and the expression of emotion. These areas include the temporal lobe (large lobe of each side of the brain that contains a sensory area associated with hearing), the limbic system, the cerebellum, the frontal lobe, the amygdala, and the brain stem, which regulates homeostasis (body temperature and heart rate). Recent research has focused particularly on the temporal lobe because of the finding that previously healthy people who sustain temporal lobe damage may develop autisticlike symptoms. In animal research, when the temporal lobe is damaged, social behavior declines, and restless, repetitive motor behaviors are mon. When measured by MRI, total brain volume appears to be greater for those with autistic disorders. Other neurological factors include lesions to the brain, congenital rubella, undiagnosed and untreated phenylketonuria (PKU), tuberous sclerosis, and Rett39。 感謝我的同學(xué)和朋友，他們在論文的撰寫和排版過程中提供熱情的幫助。在此向您表示最衷心的感謝！其次，感謝這篇論文所涉及到的各位學(xué)者。在他們的幫助下，我才得以克服在論文寫作過程中遇到的許多困難和障礙?；仨^去，一路走來需要感謝的人太多，實(shí)在是這些簡單的文字所不能表達(dá)和承載的。最后，農(nóng)業(yè)銀行應(yīng)當(dāng)對財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)信息的整理和更新要及時，努力向《巴塞爾新資本協(xié)議》中所要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、嚴(yán)格的信息處理平臺靠攏，同時，應(yīng)出臺相應(yīng)的財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)信息的質(zhì)量管理制度，加強(qiáng)信息的及時和可靠性。內(nèi)部評級法是對商業(yè)銀行對企業(yè)潛在風(fēng)險的評估，要想獲得更可靠的，相對獨(dú)立的內(nèi)部評級結(jié)果，風(fēng)險管理體系必須更加完美，結(jié)構(gòu)更加規(guī)范。因此農(nóng)業(yè)銀行的規(guī)劃范圍必須信息系統(tǒng)的建立。信息系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定是內(nèi)部評級體系和風(fēng)險計(jì)量模型的基本條件[15]。這樣不僅僅可以保護(hù)債權(quán)人自己的利益，也可以讓債權(quán)人自己的專業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)知識運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去，提高了銀行的企業(yè)價值和財(cái)務(wù)信息披露質(zhì)量。為了加強(qiáng)監(jiān)事會的監(jiān)督職能，更為準(zhǔn)確和及時的保證財(cái)務(wù)信息披露質(zhì)量，農(nóng)業(yè)銀行可以采取以下措施：第一，通過提高監(jiān)事會人員專業(yè)和素質(zhì)水平，借以提高監(jiān)事會整體素養(yǎng)，進(jìn)而加強(qiáng)監(jiān)事會業(yè)務(wù)的能力，提高農(nóng)行信息披露質(zhì)量第二，增加合適人數(shù)債權(quán)人代表成為監(jiān)事會成員。這樣，銀行員工在一個優(yōu)越的環(huán)境中努力工作，農(nóng)行勢也必會在金融領(lǐng)域蒸蒸日上，農(nóng)業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)披露的現(xiàn)狀也將會更好 強(qiáng)化農(nóng)行業(yè)銀行監(jiān)事會的監(jiān)督功能商業(yè)銀行監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)督和管理銀行本身的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動和財(cái)務(wù)管理流程，是為了防范監(jiān)管銀行和金融業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)險。第三，鼓勵政策要在同行中占有優(yōu)勢。不僅對管理層施行激勵措施，對一般員工也要施行激勵制度，如推出加薪、業(yè)績獎金、榮譽(yù)獎杯、證書等。第一，激勵的范圍應(yīng)該全面。整個銀行經(jīng)營管理效率與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的積極性密不可分。如果農(nóng)業(yè)銀行在自己經(jīng)營管理、內(nèi)部管理以及風(fēng)險控制上出現(xiàn)問題，那么農(nóng)業(yè)