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突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫;那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙;那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼;還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃 …… 那些年那些天的非做不可,終于和青春一樣,都將在我們的人生。 Have declared the end of the encounter that haven39。 Those were broken into various shapes of stationery。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可,只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑,或者說,是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心 去做某件事,但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。s time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a selfrighteous spiritual. 一個人的時候,自己的想法總是特別地清晰。this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and ,這 個世界上,對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的,除了非做不可 的堅決, 還有,時間。t want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can39。t really grow up, it seems is not so important。 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地 29 非做不可? During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional??傆X得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么,或者寫點(diǎn)什么。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it. 一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case. you39。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal 28 challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。 鳴謝 本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計得到了梁榕輝老師和其他老師的悉心指導(dǎo)和不嗇賜教,他們于百忙之中任不忘記對我提出的問題進(jìn)行耐心的解答,并提出寶貴的意見。 通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計,加強(qiáng)了自己對所掌握的知識的鞏固和進(jìn)一部的深刻理解,使自己重感性認(rèn)識上升到了理性認(rèn)識;同時對自己設(shè)計能力進(jìn)行了一次全面的檢驗和提升。 塑料模具的加熱 考慮本模具的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及塑件的材料特性本模具不增加加熱系統(tǒng)。 根據(jù) [1]P212(883)式 得 d= pMx ??/104 13 式中 : M1冷卻水的質(zhì)量 (kg) v 管道內(nèi)冷卻水的流速 ,一 般取 ~。 查得: ? =574 J/m?℃;( T3- T4) ? 10℃ 一般塑件( SJ1372— 78 5~ 6級),取 10℃。 n—每小時注射的次數(shù); m— 每次注射的塑料量(包括澆注系統(tǒng))(㎏); q— 單位質(zhì)量的 塑料在模腔內(nèi)熱量( KJ/㎏) ,q=C(T1- T2). 首先確定注射機(jī)每小時注射的次數(shù), 根據(jù) PVC 材料的注射時間、成形時間、高壓時間、冷卻時間和開模取件時間等,確定注射的總周期 T 為 60S ? n=3600/60=60次 則, Q= nmq=nmc(T1+T2) 式中: c— 塑料的比熱容( J/㎏ ?℃ ) ,查得 1842; T1— 熔融塑料進(jìn)入模腔的溫度(℃),查得 160; T2— 制品脫模溫度(℃),查得 60。為了避免這種情況的發(fā)生,就必須采用溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)?!?60176。 本例中采用彈簧先復(fù)位裝置,在頂出板與動模墊板之間裝有彈簧,借彈簧力合復(fù)位桿的作用,在合模時使頂桿限復(fù)位,這種方法的特點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,容易制造,但彈簧容易失效。通常采用彈簧推動板復(fù)位,但是當(dāng)推頂裝置發(fā)生卡滯現(xiàn) 象時,僅靠彈簧難以保證,必須彈簧與復(fù)位桿并用。 其余的要求要根據(jù)具體情況而定,導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套的材料參見裝配圖的明細(xì)表,其配合形式參見裝配圖。本次模具的導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)采取導(dǎo)柱導(dǎo)向,其結(jié)構(gòu)形式如下: 在導(dǎo)柱末端配以導(dǎo)套,導(dǎo)套的結(jié)構(gòu)形式參見裝配圖。 W抗彎剖面系數(shù) :圓形截面 :W=1/32(Л Xd3)= 則 d=3 2197X60/() =20mm 5. 斜導(dǎo)柱長度的計算 斜志柱的長度是根據(jù)側(cè)芯的抽芯距 ,斜導(dǎo)柱直徑 ,傾斜角和安裝斜導(dǎo)柱的模板厚度 h來決定 .如下圖 : HhL4L5LL3L2L1 其表達(dá)式按 [1]P208(877)得 L=L1+L2+L3+L4+L5 =D/2(tgα )+h/cosα +d/2(tgα )+S/sinα +(10~15) (mm) 式中各長度的含義如上圖所示 .其中 L4 為斜導(dǎo)柱工作長度 。L=60mm M斜導(dǎo)柱所受最大彎距 。 a 斜導(dǎo)柱傾斜角 . 故 S=15+4=19mm 完成抽芯距 S=18mm,所需的最小開模行程為 H=S/tgα =19/tg200=52 取 H=55 則斜導(dǎo)柱工作長度 L= ? 552+192=58mm,取 60mm 3. 斜導(dǎo)柱所受彎曲力的計算 斜導(dǎo)柱受力如下圖所示 .斜導(dǎo)柱受到抽拔阻力 P和開模力 [1]P207(873)式得 aFpQBLHa P=Q/cosα (N) 式中 :Q抽拔力 (與抽拔力大小相等 ,方向相反 )。 f塑料對鋼的摩擦系數(shù) ,常用 f=~,取 。 (5) 注射力小 ,保壓壓力小 ,冷卻時間短 ,則抽拔力小 ,反之 ,抽拔苗助長力就大 . (6) 抽拔力可用 [1]P207(671)式計算 F1=lhp(fcosθ sinθ ) 式中 :l活動側(cè)芯被塑料包緊的斷面周長 (m),為 h成型芯部分的深度 (m),為 p制品對側(cè)芯的壓力 ,一般取 8~12mpa。 (3) 制品塑料的收縮率大 ,成型芯摩擦系數(shù)大 ,抽拔力就大 。 代入數(shù)據(jù)得: d= 4 .1 X 1 0 53 3 X 1 0 6 / 4 X 21 4 1 . 1 2 X 0 .2 =8 mm 側(cè)向分型與抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 該模具根據(jù)塑件有三處外側(cè) 型芯 (具體形式參照模具裝配圖 ),所以采用斜滑塊外側(cè)抽 芯 .,頂出塑件同時外側(cè)抽芯 .斜滑塊和側(cè)型做成整體式結(jié)構(gòu) ,滑塊用兩導(dǎo)板導(dǎo)向 ,導(dǎo)板用螺釘固定在動模板上 ,開模時依靠注射機(jī)的開模動力 ,經(jīng)斜導(dǎo)柱驅(qū)動滑塊移動 ,側(cè)芯也隨之移動 ,實(shí)現(xiàn)抽芯動作 斜導(dǎo)柱的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸如下圖所示 .斜導(dǎo)柱的主要尺寸有直徑 d,長度 L,傾斜角 a,和抽芯距 ,有利于滑塊靈活運(yùn)動 .斜導(dǎo)柱對滑塊只起驅(qū)動作用 ,而滑塊運(yùn)動的準(zhǔn)確性 ,平穩(wěn)性由導(dǎo)槽與滑塊之間的配合精度予保證 ,滑塊的最終位置由壓緊塊決定 .確定傾斜角 a要 兼顧抽拔距及彎曲力 ,通常采用 a=150~200,不大于 材料多用 45鋼 ,T8,T10以及 20鋼經(jīng)滲碳處理 ,淬火硬度在 HRC55以上 .磨削加工后 ,表面粗糙度保證有 Ra=.,這里選用 45鋼 . 1. 抽拔力 抽拔力是將側(cè)型芯從制品中抽出所需的力 .剛開始抽芯所克服的阻力稱為初始抽拔 .繼續(xù)將全部側(cè)芯抽出所需的力稱相繼抽拔力 .相繼抽拔力通常小于初始抽拔力 ,故設(shè)計時以初始抽拔力為準(zhǔn) . (1) 成型芯表面積愈大 ,包緊力愈大 ,因而抽拔力就愈大 .方形成型芯比圓形成型芯抽拔大 ,當(dāng)制品一面有兩個以上的孔時 ,抽拔力更大 .成型芯距愈 大 ,收縮愈大 ,抽拔力也就愈大 。 h1—支承釘(限位釘)頭部高度,取 5mm; h2—塑料件底板厚度,為 ; — 頂桿端面高出型腔底部尺寸。一般情況下,模外冷卻的塑件的 p 約為 24~39Mpa;模內(nèi)冷卻的塑件的 p 約為 8~ 12 Mpa。 21 其計 算式根據(jù) [2]P229(333)式 Ft=Ap(? cos? - sin? ) 式中: Ft—脫模力( N) 。