【正文】 用法如下： She doesn’t know where he will go. ②。需遵守時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的主要是 名詞性從句 的謂語和作表語的 sorry, glad, worried, certain, uncertain, sure 等 形容詞后的賓語從句 中的謂語。 ※十六 .過去將來完成進(jìn)行時 （如： should/would have been writing)表從過去某時看來未來某時前一直在進(jìn)行的動作。在時間或條件狀語從句中需要用過去完成時來代 16 替它。如： He said he was ing. I told him I was leaving. ※ 十三 .過去將來進(jìn)行時 （如： should/would be writing)表從過去某時看，將來某時將正在進(jìn)行的動作或預(yù)計要發(fā)生的動作。 She said she would pay us a visit when she had time. 她說她有時間就會來拜訪我們。如： ① He said he would go to work next week. ② She told me that she would be here. ③ We asked him where he would go. ④ He was about to go when his father came back. ⑤ He said it was going to rain. 1）表示過去習(xí)慣性動作： When I went to Beijing， he would e to guide me. 我一去北京，他就給我當(dāng)向?qū)А?would do 也可表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作 （此時不管無論什么人稱都用 would） ，前面常有一個時間狀語說明在什么情況下往往如此。 還用 were/was going to do, were/was to do, were/was about to do, were/was dong 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。 ① He told me he had been waiting for me for two hours. ② By the time the city was liberated， he had been working for 20 years. 十二、過去將來時 由“ should（第一人稱） /would（其他人稱） +動詞原形”構(gòu)成。t drawn a conclusion yet. 十 一、過去完成進(jìn)行時 主要表示過去某時以前一直在進(jìn)行的一個動作。ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. I have been waiting for you for two hours. It has been raining. What have you been doing all the morning? I have been watering the flowers in the garden. I have been reading Lu Xun this week. 注意 現(xiàn)在完成時的動作發(fā)生在過去或開始于過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的動作開始于過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)或直接結(jié)果。漢語經(jīng)常譯作“一直”。在強(qiáng)調(diào)動作延續(xù)時間的長久時用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時更多一些。 （這動作可能仍然在進(jìn)行，也可能剛停止了一會兒） 。等，如 ： ① By the end of next month, I shall have learned 100 texts. ② We will have built the bridge by the time he es back next year. ③ By this time tomorrow, I shall have finished the work. 十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 由 have(has) + been doing構(gòu)成。常用時間狀語有 by the end of, by this time tomorrow， by the time 九、將來完成時 由“ shall(will) + have done”構(gòu)成。 On arriving, he had a sip of tea, took off his coat, and started to clean the room. ④ 在以 since 引起的狀語從句中用一般過去時較多，有時也用過去完成時： The girl had changed considerably since I had seen her. ⑤敘述過去發(fā)生的事情時，有時可以用過去完成時來追敘或補(bǔ)敘更早發(fā)生的事。 14 ②如果兩個動作緊接發(fā)生，常常不用過去完成時，特別是在含有 before 和 after的復(fù)合句中。譯為“一?就?”。但 after 從句中的動作可用一般過去時代替過去完成時，含 before 從句的主句中，也用一般過去時就行： When he arrived at the station, the train had left. =After the train (had)left, he arrived at the station.= The train left before he arrived at the station. ④ “ by +過去時間”作狀語 ,謂動常用過去完成時。 I hope to have finished by 。 ※Ⅲ .hope/hopes to have done：表示動作的完成，不表沒有實現(xiàn)的行為。 ※Ⅱ .hoped to do ： 還可 表示 不定式動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于謂語動作或狀態(tài)之后， 并有可能實現(xiàn) 。但是我太忙了。 I meant to phone you, but I fot.（尤美） 我本想打電話給你，可是我忘了。t. I hoped to have bee a doctor, but I didn39。 I had hoped to have bee a doctor, but I didn39。 It was five years since the building had been painted. 這樓有五年沒刷了。如： ① By the end of 1960, we had built 100 schools. ② I had learned some English words before I went to school. ③ He said he had known it. ④ When I had finished my work, I took a rest. ⑤ I had gone out by the time he came here. ⑥ He told me that he had suffered a great deal before. 注意 ① It was +時段 +since 從句。由“ had＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如： He has died.（√） He has died for ten years.（） He died ten years ago.（√） I haven39。 I have worked here for ten years. ，但肯定句中不接 since/for 引出的表示 時間段 的狀語 （否定句中可以） 。 It must have rained last night. ⑧現(xiàn)在完成時與延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。 It was the most interesting book that I had ever read. 它是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最有趣的書。 12 It will be the second car that I have bought. 那將是我買的第二輛車。 It is the first time that I have seen so much money. 這是我頭一次看到這么多的錢 。ll leave as soon as it stops/has stopped raining. I39。ve seen it with my own eyes. 我要親眼看到它，我才會相信你。有時兩種時態(tài)都可用： I won39。ll go and see the exhibition as soon as I have got the recorder fixed. 這里用現(xiàn)在完成時是表示這動作將在 另一動作之前完成，如果兩個動作同時發(fā)生，或幾乎同時發(fā)生，一般就不用這個時態(tài)。 It was years since I had seen 。 2)在“ It is +段時間 + since 句型 ”中，時間一律以 since 從句的動作完成時算起，如： It39。 但也有例外，如： I39。 I haven39。 ② since＋延續(xù)性動詞的過去式，從該動作結(jié)束時算起。t seen him since 1987. I haven39。也可單獨 在句尾使用 since（自那以后） , 此時 since 為副詞。 He has been to Beijing several time