【正文】 This should be no problem. 這應(yīng)該沒(méi)問(wèn)題。 It’s hot. Will you open the windows? 天氣太熱了 ,你能打開(kāi)窗戶嗎 ? Will you help me to work it out? 你能幫我解這道題嗎 ? Would you like some coffee？ 給你來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡怎樣？ Shall, should 表示命令 ,警告 ,允諾 ,征求 ,勸告 ,建議驚奇。 He said he would help me. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)幫助我。 I’ll do my best to catch up with them. 我要盡全力趕上他們。 will (would)決心 ,愿望。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就應(yīng)該來(lái)。 ought + to have done 句型。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽車(chē) ,你應(yīng)該讀這些書(shū)。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路嗎？ He doesn’t dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。 The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公眾面前說(shuō)話。 You needn’t have taken it seriously. 這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。 Do you need a dictionary? 你需要詞典嗎 ? She needs a necklace. 她需要一條項(xiàng)鏈。 need 是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 , 他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣 , 但 need 還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用 , 這時(shí) need 就像其他動(dòng)詞一樣 ,有第三人稱 ,單復(fù)數(shù) , 后面加帶 to 的動(dòng)詞等特性。 (客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走 ) need“需要 ”，多用在否定式或疑問(wèn)句中。 You must do it now. 你必需現(xiàn)在就干。 we must have been late again. 已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了，我們一定又遲到了。 He must have received my letter now. 他現(xiàn)在一定收到我的信了。 must + have + 過(guò)去分詞 ,表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過(guò)去事物的推測(cè)。 He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。 You mustn’t work all the time. 你不能老是工作。 must 用來(lái)指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái) 時(shí) , 過(guò)去式可用 have to 的過(guò)去式代替。 Might I borrow some money now? 我可以借點(diǎn)錢(qián)嗎 ? He might be alive. 他可能還活著。 may 否定式為 may not, 縮寫(xiě)形式是 mayn’t. might 是 may 的過(guò)去式 , 有兩種用法 , 一種表示過(guò)去式， 一種表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣 , 使語(yǔ)氣更加委婉 , 客氣或?qū)赡苄缘膽岩伞? may (might) 可以 , 表示說(shuō)話人同意 ,許可或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以幫助我們。 四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 can (could) 表示說(shuō)話人能 ,可以 ,同意 ,準(zhǔn)許 ,以及 客觀條件許可 , could 為 can 的過(guò)去式。 We can’t carry the heavy box. 我們 搬不動(dòng)那箱子。 個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式 , 過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣 , 委婉的語(yǔ)氣 , 時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng) , 可用于過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多 ,但用途廣泛 ,主要有下列 : can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的位置 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前若有助動(dòng)詞，則在助動(dòng)詞之前，疑問(wèn)句中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則在主語(yǔ)之前。 We can be there on time tomorrow. 我們明天能按時(shí)去那兒。如： ① He said， “Be seated, please. ” He asked us to be seated. ② “Do be careful with your handwriting. ”He said. He told me to be careful with my handwriting. ③ “Never e here again!” said the officer nearby. The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. ④ “Don’t touch anything in the lab without permission, ”the teacher said. The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission. 有些含有 “建議 ”、 “勸告 ”的祈使句，可用 suggest, insist, offer 等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如： ① He said, “Let’s have a rest. ” He suggested our having a rest. ② He said, “Let me help you. ” He offered to help me. 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)形式上是疑問(wèn)句，有表示請(qǐng)求，建議意義時(shí)，可用 ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如： ① He asked， “What’s your name?” He asked (me) what my name was. ② He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí)，改為間接引語(yǔ)，用帶 to 的不定式表達(dá)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常是 ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request 等。 The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, you will be better soon. ” The doctor said (that) I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon. 直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，也稱是否疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)用連詞 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 said 要改為 asked (me/him/us 等 ) ，語(yǔ)序是陳述句的語(yǔ)序，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。用連詞 that 引導(dǎo)， that 在口語(yǔ)中常省略。如： Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student A: What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor。如： She said to her son, “I’ll check your homework tonight. ” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 總之，人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對(duì)待，要符合邏輯。直接引用別人的原話，用引號(hào)標(biāo)出，叫做直接引語(yǔ)；用自己的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號(hào)這叫做間接引語(yǔ)，實(shí)際上間接引語(yǔ)大都是賓語(yǔ)從句，其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語(yǔ)除外，其轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式。 The young are useful to build our country. 年輕人對(duì)建設(shè)我們的國(guó)家非常有用。 These pairs of trousers are Lily’s. 這幾條褲子是麗莉的。 (a)pair(suit)of 后接名詞時(shí)，由 pair， suit 的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)。 The doctor and the teacher are swimming.（這位醫(yī)生和這位老師） 醫(yī)生和教師正在游泳。 and 連接名詞時(shí)： ① 若兩個(gè)名詞單數(shù)指兩或兩個(gè)以上的人、物、概念，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family is small. 他家很小。 Sixty years is a long time. 六十年是段漫長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。 These boys who are playing basketball know our teacher. 那些正在打籃球的男孩子們認(rèn)識(shí)我們老師。 定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)與先行詞一致。 Who are singing? Some students of Class 2. 誰(shuí)在唱歌？一些二班的學(xué)生。 who， what， which 做主語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)的從句做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)據(jù)其意義決定。 Two thirds of these jobs have been done. 三分之二的工作已經(jīng)完成了。 Eleven percent of the population of the USA are black. 美國(guó)百分之十一的人是黑人。 三、分類(lèi)討論 有關(guān) population； population of 做主語(yǔ)， 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)） of population 做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。即由該組詞前面的名詞、代詞確定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。 Neither Tom nor you were late. 他沒(méi)遲到你也 沒(méi)遲到。 二、謂語(yǔ)遵循兩個(gè)原則 就近原則： There be； or； either…or… ； neither…nor… ； not only…but (also)… 即由距謂語(yǔ)最近的名詞、代詞確定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看書(shū)對(duì)你的眼睛有害。 不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句做主語(yǔ)。 Each boy and each girl goes to school every day. 每個(gè)男孩子和每個(gè)女孩子天天都去上學(xué)。 The United States was very small once upon a time. 美國(guó)以前很小。如： physics， politics， history； the United States 等。 主謂一致 英語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)直接影響謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)，很難分清 ，現(xiàn)陳述如下。 注意 : it 做形式賓語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)：主 +謂語(yǔ) + it +賓補(bǔ) +真正賓語(yǔ) I found it pleasant to be with your family. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)和你們家人在一塊很開(kāi)心。 He was made to change his mind. 他被迫改變了主意。 I made him change his mind. 我使他改變了他的主意。 不定式作賓補(bǔ) 1) to do The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there. 村民們不允許他們?cè)谀莾航üS。 現(xiàn)在分詞 I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window. 當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)窗口的時(shí)候，我看到他正在做作業(yè)。