【正文】 Say no more than you must(given Q). 131. division of pragmatic labour: the use of a marked crelatively plex and/or expression when a corresponding unmarkeda (simpler, less ‖effortful‖)alternate expression is available tends to be interpreted as conveying a marked message(one which the unmarked alternative would not or could not have conveyed). 132. constraints on Horn scales: the hearerbased oPrinciple is a sufficiency condition in the sense that information provided is the most the speaker is able to.. 133. thirdperson narrator: of the narrator is not a character in the fictional world, he or she is usually called a third –person narrator. 134. Inarrator: the person who tells the story may also be a character in the fictional world of the story, relating the story after the event. 135. direct speech: a kind of speech presentation in which the character said in its fullest form. 136. indirect speech: a kind of speech presentation in which the character said in its fullest form. 137. indirect speech: a kind of speech presentation which is an amalgam of direct speech. 138. narrator’s representation of speech acts: a minimalist kind of presentation in which a part of passage can be seen as a summery of a longer piece of discourse, and therefore even more backgruonded than indirect speech representation would be. 139. narrator’s representation of thought acts: a kind of categories used by novelists to represent the thoughts of their of characters are exactly as that used to present speech acts. For example, she considered his unpunctuality. 140. indirect thought: a kind of categories used by novelist to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly as that used to present indirect speech. For example, she thought that he would be late. 141. free indirect speech: a further category which can occur, which is an amalgam of direct speech and indirect speech features. 142. narrator’s representation of thought acts: a kind of the categories used by novelists to present the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech . He spent the day thinking. 143. indirect thought: a kind of categories used by novelist to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly as that used to present indirect speech. For example, she thought that he would be late. 144. narrator’s representation of thought: the categories used by novelists to present the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech . He spent the day thinking. 145. free indirect thought: the categories used by novelists to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech, . He was bound to be late. 146. direct thought: categories used by novelists to represent the thoughts of their characters are exactly the same as those used to represent a speech.. 147. puter system: the machine itself together with a keyboard, printer, screen, disk drives, programs, etc. 胡壯麟 《語(yǔ)言學(xué)教程》課后題 terms 答案 小七外語(yǔ)館 kominisan整 理 9 148. puter literacy: those people who have sufficient knowledge and skill in the use of puters and puter software. 149. puter linguistics: a branch of applied liguistics, dealing with puter processing of human language. 150. Call: puterassisted language learning(call),refers to the use of a puter in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. 151. programnded instruction: the use of puters to monitor student progress, to direct students into appropriate lessons, material, etc. 152. local area work: are puters linked together by cables in a classroom, lab, or building. They offer teachers a novel approach for creating new activities for students that provide more time and experience with target language. 153. CDROM: puter diskread only memory allows huge amount of information to be stored on one disk with quick access to the information. Students and teachers can access information quickly and efficiently for use in and out of the classroom. 154. machine translation: refers to the use of machine(usually puter)to translate texts from one language to another. 155. concordance: the use of puter to search for a particular word, sequence of words. or perhaps even a part of speech in a text. The puter can also receive all examples of a particular word, usually in a context, which is a further aid to the linguist. It can also calculate the number of occurrences of the word so that information on the frequency of the word may be gathered. 156. annotation: if corpora is said to be unannotatedit appears in its existing raw state of plain text, whereas annotated corpora has been enhanced with various type of linguistic information, 157. annotation: if corpora is said to be unannotated—it appears in its existing raw state of plain text, whereas annotated corpora has been enhanced with various type of linguistic information. 158. informational retrieval: the term conventionally though somewhat inaccurately, applied to the type of activity discussed in this volume. An information retrieval system does not inform( . change the knowledge of)the user on the subject of his inquiry. It merely informs on the existence(or nonexistence)and whereabouts of documents relating to his request. 159. document representative: information structure is concerned with exploiting relationships, between documents to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of retrieval strategies. It covers specifically a logical anization of information, such as document representatives, for the purpose of information retrieval. 160. precision: the proportion of retrieval documents which are relevant. 161. recall: the proportion of retrieval documents which are relevant. 162.