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ll find a way out. 振作。事情會有好結果的。t be so miserable! 別這愁眉苦臉的。事情很快就會過去的。 3. Don39。s more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. 住校為學生省去了不少時間,這樣學生可以把更多的時間用在學習上 5) Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. 一點一滴,這樣做可以豐富我們的知識和拓寬我們的視野 6) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to 來說,抽空學習一門新技術很重要 7) The majority of students believe that parttime job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.兼職可以讓學生們學習個人技巧,這樣可以在找工作時更有競爭力 8) By taking a majorrelated partjob, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the 成績,還可以獲得在課本上學不到的工作經驗 9) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities. 10) 1Sth can produce positive effects on …in more than one way. 什么東西可帶來好影響 2Sth may bring about negative impacts on … 什么東西可帶來不好的影響 怎樣用英語安慰人 1. Pull yourself together. 振作起來。 , by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom. 。 3)。能讓我們的生活更美好,也就是說。 中間段:措施 結尾段:先來個小轉折再進入總結 開頭段 Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are monly and widely used in everyday life. However, what worries most of us is that…… 中間段 Firstly….Secondly…..Lastly but in no means least…… 結尾段 To conclude, …..are just like a double edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a betteroff life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them. 2 開頭段:先講重要性,然后轉講爭論 中間段:轉折 (即列出兩種不同人的觀點 ) 結尾段:直接進入總結(即你的觀點) 開頭段: It is accepted that …. plays a significant part for both …, and what’s more , a lot of attention is being drawn to the change of….. However, whether … deserves such an attention , people’s ideas vary. 中間段: On the one hand, some people hold the view that ….. On the other hand, a great many people insist that…. 結尾段: From my perspective, however…. ( 你的觀點 ) . Therefore, it’s time that (措施之類的 ) 送禮 6級作文萬能句子(補充在 ”…..” 里面的萬能句子,自己琢磨每個句子放在哪里比較適合) 重點背: 1) 5) 6) 7)句子,最好全部都被過一遍,自己琢磨怎么用。提精神 39)keep between the two of us 不讓第三者知道,保密 40)know a thing or two about 略知一二 6級作文模板 : 1)先背 3個句子 1 Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are monly and widely used in daily life.(講重要性 ) 2 The popularity of …will have great influenc e on our work, study and daily life. On the one hand …, But on the other hand.(講影響) 3To conclude, …..are just like a doubleedged sword, which will surely bring some advantages and disadvantages. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a betteroff life. However, one point should be bore in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.(結 尾段) Ps:靈活運用第 1句和第 2句,根據不同模板自由組合。毫無怨言地忍受 38)hit the spot (特指吃了食物,喝了飲料之后 )精神完全恢復過來或感到滿足 。不常碰到或發(fā)現的 。情緒低落 35)few and far between 不多 。s feet 行動緩慢 。力不從心 30)break new ground 創(chuàng)新 31)do the trick 做成功 。心有余而力不足 。聽起來耳熟 21)share a mon outlook 有共同的觀點 22)six of one and halfadozen of the other 半斤八兩 。正點 16)once and for all 最后一次 。令人滿意地替代 10)is ice cold 表示理所當然 11)like apples and oranges 用來表示無法相比的事物 12)wait until the last minute 直到最后一刻 13)lose one39。s pocket 很快地被花光 9)fill one39?;瓴皇厣? 5) save your breath 省口氣吧 。. Can you pass me the salt?在傳遞語言的同時在禮貌地提出請求 三、合作原則 The Cooperative Principles——美國哲學家格萊斯 1.合作原則 the Cooperative Principles: 說話人和聽話人之間為了達到某個共同交際目標形成的一種默契和原則,主要包括以下四點: ●數量準則 Quantity Maxim: 既要實現交談目的,又不要讓自己說得過多,言簡意賅。 2. 搭配 Collocation:指單詞之間慣常出現的組合情況,如: “滿月 ”在英語中表示為 A full moon,而非 a plete moon 3. 成語 Idiom:要以整體理解,不是其組成部分的簡單相加 第七節(jié) 語用學 Pragmatics 一、幾個重要概念 1.語用學 Pragmatic:研究如何通過 Context來理解和使用語言 2.符號學 Semiotics:美國哲學家 C. Morris he R. Carnap將符號學劃分為三個分支 —— ●符號關系 學 Syntactic: 主要研究符號之間的形式關系 the study of the formal relations between signs ●語義學 Semantics: 研究符號與所代表事物間的關系 the relationship between signs and the things they refer to, 主要關注語言系統中抽象單位的句子;停留于句子層面 ;研究是靜止的、孤立的 static and isolated ●語用學 Pragmatic研究符號與符號解釋者之間的關系 the study of the relationship between signs and their interpreters 主要是以實際的話語為研究對象 in realtime;注重片段的對話;研究是動態(tài)的、情境的dynamic and contextual 3. 語境 context:劃分為即時語境 immediate context 和社會語境 social context 語言之外的因素(時間地點人物情景)會影響 4. 指示語 Deixis:用來將人、物、事和特定語境聯系起來的詞語,直接牽涉語言結構和語境間的關系。 . alivedead, absentpresent等 ●相反的 Converse: 并非肯定否定的關系,兩個實體之間關系的顛倒。完全同義的單詞不存在,主要差別在于地域 Dialect,場合 Register,風格 Style,正式度 Formality,態(tài)度Attitude等 2.反義關系 Antonymy: ●可分等級的 Gradable: 最常見的,兩詞間并非絕對而是相對對立的。 3.語言習得機制 Language Acquisition Device簡作 LAD:兒童天生具備學習一切語言的能力,從而表達無限的思想 五、句法結構 1.深層結構 Deep Structure:抽象的句法結構,位于 于語法生成模式的最深層,句子各部分之間的 結構關系 在這個層次都被清晰清楚表現出來 2.表層結構 Surface Structure:通過一系列轉換規(guī)則之后得到的最后結果,是說話人 實際說出 的句子。 . on the shelf 4. 句子以上的句法 Syntax beyond the sentence:主要研究段落和篇章中句與句的句法關系,主要是語篇語言學 Text linguistic。如 this man/these men ? 支配關系 Government:一個或幾個單詞因受到其他相鄰詞語的支配而必須與或者保持某個范疇的一致,如代詞在動詞后必須成賓格狀態(tài) beat him等 1. 2. 句子的擴展 Extension of sentence三種方法:結合 Conjoining,嵌入Embedding和遞歸 Recursiveness 2. 3.