【正文】 An arc value is usually 1 except when it expresses a market segmentation of the requirement of the parentitem. Fig. 6 shows the generic billofmaterials corresponding to the result of the product design process depicted in Fig. 5. The ‘‘Variants’’, ‘‘Module’’ and ‘‘BOM’’ items are physical as they can be manufactured if they are selected. The ‘‘Subassembly’’ item has been added. It depicts the assembly of modular ponents and therefore is also physical. The values on the arcs between ‘‘Market’’ and the market segments items (‘‘MS123’’ or ‘‘MS4’’) express an estimated market share between market segments. Those between requirement items (‘‘Req1’’ for example) and the service level items (‘‘SL1/1’’ or ‘‘SL1/2’’) express estimated demand deposition on the service levels. Therefore, when the ‘‘OR’’ choices are made one can express how a market volume induces requirements on the selected BOM articles. Note that the ‘‘OR’’ choices are supposed to be hidden from the customers and consequently do not change the functional diversity . So, the market shares do not depend on the choices made. The goal of the model of the next section is to make these ‘‘OR’’ choices while designing a supply chain. 教師評語 教師簽名： 2020年 03月 10日 。 An ‘‘exclusive OR’’ node is introduced to show that one and only one item must be selected among all the child items of the node. It allows representing the choice of existence of a child item. An ‘‘AND’’node expresses that all its child items must be gathered in order to make it. to select a module or a variant among the designed ones for the not oversatis?ed service levels or marketsegments. Consequences on product diversity: Two decisions The result of the billofmaterials design process appears to be a tree deposition of the market needs(throughout the unbold arrows). The nodes of the upper part of the tree identi?es subsets of couples (requirement, service levels). These nodes correspond with either market segments, or requirements or couples (requirement, service level).They depict the functional that is proposed to the customers. The leafs of this tree are the billofmaterials (BOM), that correspond with either a module or a module is the result of a design principle matching a service level of a requirement. A variant is the result of a design principle matching a market segment. They depict the technical solution that matches the previous functional .Moreover, from the original order relation between the service levels of the functional requirements,order relations between market segments or service levels (bold arrows) appear. Looking for example at the link between MS123 ! MS4 in Fig. 5, the order relation expresses: if necessary a variant designed for the market segment MS4 can ful?ll the market segment MS123. Consequently, two types of manufacturing decisions must be taken: whether to oversatisfy SL1/1 or SL2/1 with a module designed for SL1/2 or SL2/2 if MS123 is not over satis?ed。 whether to oversatisfy MS123 with a variant designed for MS4。 while automotive families e from a promise between market segment and modular approaches: a car is usually de?ned according to a market range level, such as bottom, middle and luxury but also sport and touring, plus some optional requirements (color, road map puter, loudspeaker,motor). Fig. 5 is an example of a mixed design strategy of the examples of Figs. 3 and 4. The market segmentMS1, MS2 and MS3 have been gathered within a single market segment MS123 which is de?ned throughout a modular approach. This approach allows to ful?ll a demand gathering {(Requirement 1, ServiceLevel 1/2)。 to select a module among the designed ones for the not oversatis?ed service levels. In the example, an extreme decision can be to only manufacture modules 1/3 and 2/3 in order to