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,安全撐桿僅用于車箱檢查和維修使用。所以行駛時一定要將升降手柄置于“下降”位置。 接通 位置:若在 接通 狀態(tài) (紅燈亮著 ),則油泵將繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn) 動,液壓系統(tǒng)就有動力源,這樣就 會因?yàn)樵跉饪夭倏v閥上的誤操作而引起車廂自 15 動舉升; 此時氣控分配閥即使在 下降 位置,油也要進(jìn)入油泵,這樣會使油泵燒壞。由于猛提車的慣性力很大(一般是額定舉升力的5~20 倍),極易造成車架永久變形、車廂和付車架開焊、燒油泵或破壞密封圈、破壞液壓缸等損害,車輛的使用壽命降低,嚴(yán)重者還會出現(xiàn)翻車事故。 因此,在卸完貨行車時,必須及時脫開并確認(rèn)取力器已經(jīng)脫開再使車輛行駛。這種情況下液壓油油溫上升很快,易造成油泵油封的損壞,甚至發(fā)生油泵“燒死”的現(xiàn)象; 另外在高速行車時,油泵傳動軸也會在過高的離心力作用下導(dǎo)致早期損壞。 ,不脫開取力器或忘記脫開取力器便行車,這樣汽車在行駛時,由于取力器處于“接合”位置,舉升油泵則在“小循環(huán)”狀態(tài)下高速長時間無負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 “下降位置”,這時車廂不是徐徐降落,而是猛然沖下,這會給車架帶來很大的沖擊力,甚至?xí)l(fā)生意外事故。由于突然的接合而使取力器、油泵傳動軸及油泵引起很大的沖擊載荷,易造成早期損壞(一般多發(fā)生為油泵傳動軸損壞)。 ,舉升機(jī)構(gòu)要求有慢降裝置。 、粘土等粘稠貨物,鏟斗車廂的結(jié)構(gòu)使粘稠貨物更不容易卸下。 。 四、 選型時要注意的問題 。 6 米的自卸車一般選用多級缸前頂式舉升結(jié)構(gòu)。 。 三、 舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇: ,該結(jié)構(gòu)在我國已有 40 年歷史,技術(shù)比較成熟,適合車廂長度 4~6 米的自卸車。 2.上裝 目前自卸車改裝廠家魚龍混雜,選擇自卸車時選擇廠家比選擇產(chǎn)品同樣重要。此數(shù)值一般在 5001100 之間(側(cè)翻自卸車除外)。 13 ② 底盤后懸。該數(shù)值越大整車重心越高,越容易造成翻車。除此之外,用戶還要考慮底盤的如下參數(shù): ① 底盤車架上平面離地高度。這就要求用戶在購買車輛時要向廠家提供具體使用情況。 雙面?zhèn)确簤焊资芰^好,行程較小,可實(shí)現(xiàn)雙面?zhèn)确?;但液壓管路較復(fù)雜,舉生翻車事故發(fā)生率 較高。雙缸舉升的優(yōu)點(diǎn)為車廂底板與主車架上平面的閉合高度較??;缺點(diǎn)是液壓系統(tǒng)很難保證兩液壓缸同步,舉生平穩(wěn)性較差,對車廂底板的整體剛度要求較高。優(yōu)點(diǎn)為結(jié)構(gòu)成熟、舉升平穩(wěn)、造價低;缺點(diǎn)為車廂底板與主 車架上平面的閉合高度較大。車廂利用自身重力和液壓控制復(fù)位。 發(fā)動機(jī)通過變速器、取力裝置驅(qū)動液壓泵,高壓油經(jīng)分配閥、油管進(jìn)入舉升液壓缸,推動活塞桿使車廂傾翻。 發(fā)動機(jī)通過變速器、取力裝置驅(qū)動液壓泵,車廂液 壓傾翻機(jī)構(gòu)由油箱、液壓泵、分配閥、舉升液壓缸、控制閥和油管等組成。 自卸車的車廂分后向傾翻和側(cè)向傾翻兩種,通過操縱系統(tǒng)控制活塞桿運(yùn)動,后向傾翻較普遍,推動活塞桿使車廂傾翻,少數(shù)雙向傾翻。 舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的型式目前國內(nèi)常見的有: F 式三角架放大舉升機(jī)構(gòu)、 T 式三角架放大舉升機(jī)構(gòu)、雙缸舉升、前頂舉升和雙面?zhèn)确?。自卸車上裝包括車廂、 副車架、液壓舉升傾卸機(jī)構(gòu)、電氣系統(tǒng)等。 二、 主要結(jié)構(gòu)及功能 自卸汽車由汽車底盤和上裝兩大部分組成,底盤大多采用定型汽車二類底盤。因此,國外的車輛使用一般不超載,貨物基本不超出車廂的上沿。國外自卸汽車的專業(yè)化分類也有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境,如污染類流體運(yùn)輸自卸車的開發(fā)和使用,但大 多數(shù)福哦家主要采用了自卸汽車車廂加蓋的方式。歐洲發(fā)達(dá)國家的汽車尾氣排放達(dá)到 歐 V 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而國內(nèi)卡車的要求目前是國Ⅲ標(biāo)準(zhǔn),國內(nèi)與國外還有非常大的差距,而且,降低汽車排放的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)只被為數(shù)不多的幾個國家所掌握,中國還有很大的技術(shù)跟進(jìn)及發(fā)展過程。 11 自卸汽車裝載貨物的密封性要求也越來越受重視。 出于成本和加工工藝方面考慮,國內(nèi)的自卸車仍然以普通鋼材、鋼板為主要材料。塑料材料具有一定的韌性、耐低溫和抗沖擊性能,不易脆裂,同時質(zhì)量輕、造型美觀,在輕量化的進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。 歐洲高強(qiáng)鋼材料自卸車常選用 U 形或框架式車廂結(jié)構(gòu),其優(yōu)點(diǎn)主要有:自重輕、載重大、能裝載更多的有效載荷、間接提高了裝載效率;降低油耗、重心低、穩(wěn)定性好、舉升時貨物更易劇中、便于卸貨;整體式承載,沒有或只有很少的加強(qiáng)筋,焊接量??;外觀設(shè)計(jì)較為現(xiàn)代化,外表面有大的平面,便于粘貼廣告或其它圖案。 ( 2)污染類流體運(yùn)輸自卸車 實(shí)現(xiàn)污染類流體的收集、運(yùn)輸和傾卸,可以更好地保護(hù)汽車底盤, 適用于道路鋪設(shè)及工程施工的沙石材料運(yùn)輸。除了普通的工程用自卸汽車外,還 根據(jù)世紀(jì)的需求和用途,開發(fā)了專用自卸汽車。不過高檔駕駛室,駕駛和乘坐舒適性較以前有了很大的提高。國內(nèi)主要還是采用鼓式制動,加裝 ABS 等電子制動系統(tǒng)的較少,也有廠家開始開發(fā)盤式制動。國內(nèi)主要還是采用手動變速箱,也有部分廠家開始試用自動變速箱來配置汽車底盤。 ( 1)懸架系統(tǒng) 國外高檔自卸汽車如 SCANIA、 VOLVO 等,均采用自動調(diào)節(jié)的空氣懸架,而國內(nèi)基本還是鋼板彈簧,比較好的采用的是橡膠懸架。隨著汽車制造業(yè)的發(fā)展,自卸汽車不斷采用新材料、新工藝,提高其質(zhì)量利用系數(shù),具有較大的速度范圍和較高的傳動效率,控制與操縱更完善,更方便。 自卸汽車自 20 世紀(jì)初出現(xiàn)以來,不斷發(fā)展,日趨完善,已成為當(dāng)今貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕囕v之一。 自卸汽車的特點(diǎn)是其車廂可以傾斜一定的角度,使車廂內(nèi)的貨物卸出。 Also in the highspeed driving, the oil pump drive shaft will also result in high centrifugal force early damage. More seriously, the operation means that the hydraulic pump system has a power source, the driving process will occur for various reasons, the rising car auto accident. Therefore, in the unloaded vehicle, you must promptly confirm the power take disengaged and then the vehicle has been disengaged. 4. By Meng mention car brake suddenly unloading. Meng mentioned as the inertial force of a great car (usually the rated lifting force of 5 to 20 times), can easily cause permanent deformation of the frame, open frame car and pay for welding, burning or destruction of oil pump seal, hydraulic cylinders and other damage damage , reduces the life of the vehicle, serious rollover accidents also occur. Therefore, when lifting the general ban truck traffic. 5. Driving power take off in the ON position: If on state (red light), the pump will continue to rotate, there is power source of the hydraulic system, which would control valve because the gas control misoperation caused by cars on the autolifting。 disadvantage is that the hydraulic system is difficult to ensure synchronization of two hydraulic cylinders and held steady and poor students, the overall stiffness of the cars require a higher floor. Way before the top lift of simple structure, with the main frame on the floor inside the closed surface height can be very small, vehicle stability, low pressure hydraulic system, but the first big trip at the mostcylinder, high cost. Double roll force cylinders good, travel less, achieve double roll。 environmental requirements of the majority of the lower soft cover, seal less, but the cost is low. Second, the main structure and function Dump Truck chassis and coat by the two major ponents, two types of chassis they use a stereotypical car chassis. Dump Truck as a shorter wheelbase than the average, the prices require higher strength and stiffness, so characteristic for the Dump Truck, Dump Truck chassis are often designed to be specific. Tipper tops, including cars, subframe, hydraulic lift dump bodies, electrical are systems. Dump Truck lifting mechanism is the core of the Dump Truck judge the merits of the primary indicators. Lifting mechanism of the type currently mon are: Ftype lifting mechanism to enlarge tripod, Tstyle tripod zoom lifting mechanism, lift cylinder, front roof lift and double roll. Dump Truck engine, chassis and cab of the truck are the same structure and general. 4 Points after Dump Truck of the car to rollover and side tipping two, by manipulating the system control rod movement, the more mon after the tipping, tipping push rod to make car, a small number of twoway is tipping. Distribution of highpressure oil through the valve, tubing into the lift cylinder, frontend with the cab car is safety board. The engine through the transmission, PTO driven hydraulic pump unit, hydraulic tipping body partments from the fuel tank, hydraulic pumps, distribution valves, lifting hydraulic cylinders, control valves and tubing and other ponents. Hydraulic tipping body is partments from the fuel tank, hydraulic pumps, distribution valves, lifting hydraulic cylinders, control valves and tubing and other ponents. The engine through the transmission, PTO driven hydraulic pump unit, distribution valves for high pressure oil through the tubing